NYS EMT EXAM SCRIPT 2025/2026 QUESTIONS WITH
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔histamines and leukotrienes - ✔✔chemicals released by the immune system during
an allergic reaction causing inflammation and swelling
✔✔envenomation - ✔✔the act of injecting venom
✔✔stridor - ✔✔A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during
inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway
✔✔GCS scoring - ✔✔
✔✔tympanic membrane - ✔✔the eardrum; a structure that separates the outer ear from
the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves
✔✔epistaxis - ✔✔nosebleed
✔✔contusion/ ecchymosis - ✔✔bruise
bleeding beneath the skin
✔✔how blood moves through the body - ✔✔aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries >
venules > veins > vena cava
✔✔evisceration - ✔✔the displacement of organs outside of the body
✔✔avulsion - ✔✔an injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as
a flap
✔✔abrasion - ✔✔loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body
part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface
✔✔costochondritis - ✔✔inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
✔✔gastoenteritis - ✔✔inflammation of the stomach and intestines
✔✔adverse effects (medication) - ✔✔any actions of a medication other than the desired
ones
✔✔unintended effects (medication) - ✔✔undesirable affects that pose little risk to
patients
✔✔untoward effect (medication) - ✔✔affects that can be harmful to patient
,✔✔Asprin - Indications and Contraindications - ✔✔What it does: inhibits platelet
coagulation
Indications: chest pain
Contraindications: children under the age of 18 (Reye's Syndrome), preexisting liver
damage, hypersensitivity to aspirin
Administration: 324 mg (4 tablets)
✔✔Nitroglycerin - Indications and Contraindications - ✔✔What is does: increases blood
flow by reliving the spasms or causing the arteries to dilate
Indications: chest pain
Contraindications: systolic less than 100 mm Hg, head injury, use of erectile dysfunction
medication within 24 hours
Administration: assist with medication
✔✔Epinephrine - ✔✔What it does: dilates passages in the lungs
Indications: anaphylactic reaction
contraindications: chest pain of cardiac origin, hypothermia, hypertension
Adverse effects: increases HR and BP
Administration: IM using auto-injector (0.3 adults; 0.15 children)
✔✔Naloxone (Narcan) - ✔✔What it does: reverses the effect of opioid use
Indications: opioid overdose
Contraindications: allergy
Adverse effects: nausea/ vomiting
Administration: administer a half-dose (1mL) into each nostril via automizer
✔✔medical complications associated with down syndrome - ✔✔leukemia, conditions
that affect body systems; cardiovascular, sensory, endocrine, musculoskeletal, dental,
gastrointestinal, as well as neurological development
airway management may be difficult due to large tongues, misaligned teeth, and small
oral/ nasal cavities
✔✔medical complications of cerebral palsy - ✔✔visual/ hearing impairments, difficulty
communicating, unsteady gait, epilepsy
airway management: difficulty due to dysphagia and increased secretion production
✔✔medical complications of spina bifida - ✔✔hydrocephalus, partial or full paralysis,
loss of bowel and bladder control, and an extreme allergy to latex products
✔✔Normal blood glucose - ✔✔80-120 mg/dL
✔✔Normal heart rate - ✔✔60-100 bpm
✔✔Normal respiratory rate - ✔✔12-20 breaths/min
, ✔✔how to calculate systolic BP of a child - ✔✔70 + (Age x 2)
✔✔hollow organs of the abdomen - ✔✔gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and bladder
✔✔solid organs of the abdomen - ✔✔liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries
✔✔mediastinum - ✔✔area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cava,
esophagus, and trachea
✔✔inhalation occurs when - ✔✔diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause
a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
✔✔Mensentery - ✔✔a membranous fold that attaches the intestines of the walls of the
body
✔✔rebound tenderness - ✔✔pain that increases when pressure (as from a hand) is
removed
✔✔sternocleidomastoid muscles - ✔✔the muscles on either side of the neck that allow
movement of the head
✔✔Organs located in RUQ - ✔✔liver, gallbladder, part of large intestines
✔✔organs located in LUQ - ✔✔spleen, stomach, pancreas, diaphragm
✔✔organs located in RLQ - ✔✔appendix, small intestine, cecum
✔✔organs located in LLQ - ✔✔small intestines, rectum, anus
✔✔cerebral hypoxia - ✔✔lack of oxygen to the brain
✔✔Cushing's triad - ✔✔three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea;
result of brain injury
✔✔AEIOU TIPS - ✔✔Alcohol, Endocrine, Infection, Overdose, Uremia, Trauma, Insulin,
Poisoning, Stroke.
✔✔idiopathic - ✔✔pertaining to disease of unknown origin
✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - ✔✔sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach,
duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
✔✔histamines and leukotrienes - ✔✔chemicals released by the immune system during
an allergic reaction causing inflammation and swelling
✔✔envenomation - ✔✔the act of injecting venom
✔✔stridor - ✔✔A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during
inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway
✔✔GCS scoring - ✔✔
✔✔tympanic membrane - ✔✔the eardrum; a structure that separates the outer ear from
the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves
✔✔epistaxis - ✔✔nosebleed
✔✔contusion/ ecchymosis - ✔✔bruise
bleeding beneath the skin
✔✔how blood moves through the body - ✔✔aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries >
venules > veins > vena cava
✔✔evisceration - ✔✔the displacement of organs outside of the body
✔✔avulsion - ✔✔an injury in which soft tissue is torn completely loose or is hanging as
a flap
✔✔abrasion - ✔✔loss or damage of the superficial layer of skin as a result of a body
part rubbing or scraping across a rough or hard surface
✔✔costochondritis - ✔✔inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
✔✔gastoenteritis - ✔✔inflammation of the stomach and intestines
✔✔adverse effects (medication) - ✔✔any actions of a medication other than the desired
ones
✔✔unintended effects (medication) - ✔✔undesirable affects that pose little risk to
patients
✔✔untoward effect (medication) - ✔✔affects that can be harmful to patient
,✔✔Asprin - Indications and Contraindications - ✔✔What it does: inhibits platelet
coagulation
Indications: chest pain
Contraindications: children under the age of 18 (Reye's Syndrome), preexisting liver
damage, hypersensitivity to aspirin
Administration: 324 mg (4 tablets)
✔✔Nitroglycerin - Indications and Contraindications - ✔✔What is does: increases blood
flow by reliving the spasms or causing the arteries to dilate
Indications: chest pain
Contraindications: systolic less than 100 mm Hg, head injury, use of erectile dysfunction
medication within 24 hours
Administration: assist with medication
✔✔Epinephrine - ✔✔What it does: dilates passages in the lungs
Indications: anaphylactic reaction
contraindications: chest pain of cardiac origin, hypothermia, hypertension
Adverse effects: increases HR and BP
Administration: IM using auto-injector (0.3 adults; 0.15 children)
✔✔Naloxone (Narcan) - ✔✔What it does: reverses the effect of opioid use
Indications: opioid overdose
Contraindications: allergy
Adverse effects: nausea/ vomiting
Administration: administer a half-dose (1mL) into each nostril via automizer
✔✔medical complications associated with down syndrome - ✔✔leukemia, conditions
that affect body systems; cardiovascular, sensory, endocrine, musculoskeletal, dental,
gastrointestinal, as well as neurological development
airway management may be difficult due to large tongues, misaligned teeth, and small
oral/ nasal cavities
✔✔medical complications of cerebral palsy - ✔✔visual/ hearing impairments, difficulty
communicating, unsteady gait, epilepsy
airway management: difficulty due to dysphagia and increased secretion production
✔✔medical complications of spina bifida - ✔✔hydrocephalus, partial or full paralysis,
loss of bowel and bladder control, and an extreme allergy to latex products
✔✔Normal blood glucose - ✔✔80-120 mg/dL
✔✔Normal heart rate - ✔✔60-100 bpm
✔✔Normal respiratory rate - ✔✔12-20 breaths/min
, ✔✔how to calculate systolic BP of a child - ✔✔70 + (Age x 2)
✔✔hollow organs of the abdomen - ✔✔gallbladder, stomach, small intestine, large
intestine and bladder
✔✔solid organs of the abdomen - ✔✔liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, ovaries
✔✔mediastinum - ✔✔area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cava,
esophagus, and trachea
✔✔inhalation occurs when - ✔✔diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract and cause
a decrease in intrathoracic pressure
✔✔Mensentery - ✔✔a membranous fold that attaches the intestines of the walls of the
body
✔✔rebound tenderness - ✔✔pain that increases when pressure (as from a hand) is
removed
✔✔sternocleidomastoid muscles - ✔✔the muscles on either side of the neck that allow
movement of the head
✔✔Organs located in RUQ - ✔✔liver, gallbladder, part of large intestines
✔✔organs located in LUQ - ✔✔spleen, stomach, pancreas, diaphragm
✔✔organs located in RLQ - ✔✔appendix, small intestine, cecum
✔✔organs located in LLQ - ✔✔small intestines, rectum, anus
✔✔cerebral hypoxia - ✔✔lack of oxygen to the brain
✔✔Cushing's triad - ✔✔three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea;
result of brain injury
✔✔AEIOU TIPS - ✔✔Alcohol, Endocrine, Infection, Overdose, Uremia, Trauma, Insulin,
Poisoning, Stroke.
✔✔idiopathic - ✔✔pertaining to disease of unknown origin
✔✔Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) - ✔✔sore on the mucous membrane of the stomach,
duodenum, or any other part of the gastrointestinal system exposed to gastric juices
