Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
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UNIT 5: Anatomy and Physiology - Know the organisation of the human body P1 P2 P3
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Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
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PEARSON (PEARSON)
Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology
Know the organisation of the human body
P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components
P2 – Outline the structure of the main tissues of the body
P3 – Outline the gross structure of all the main body systems
Unit 5 - Anatomy and Physiology for Health and Social Care
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Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology
Know the organisation of the human body
Within working in the Health and Social Care setting, you need to know the
organisation of the human body which includes the functions of the main cell
components, the structure of the main tissues of the body and the gross
structure of all the main body systems. As it ensures you have the knowledge
of the organisation of where they are in the body and how they do their
function in the body causes you to be safe and know you are caring for.
P1 – Outline the functions of the main cell components
As every individual is
composed with billions of cells
which carry out a immense
number of chemical reactions
and processes that make up
the spirit of life itself. And cells
are rarely on their own as they
are usually grouped together
with other similar cells and
tissues. Cells, being one of the
levels of organisation of the
human body is the smallest
structural where a microscope
is required to view them and
the functional unit of an organisms with examples of cells in the human body
being egg cell, sperm cell, epithelial cell and red blood cell. But the main cell
components are:
Cell Membrane
The cell membrane also
known as the cell-surface
membrane function to
control the passage of
substances in and out of the
cell. Is it a thin semi-
permeable membrane that
surrounds the cytoplasm of
a cell and also serves to
help support the cell and
help maintain its shape.
Bailey, R. (2017) Cell
Membrane Function and
Structure. ThoughtCo. [Online] [Accessed on 4th February 2018]
https://www.thoughtco.com/cell-membrane-373364 . The function of the
phospholipid bilayer where proteins are embedded, works in two main ways of
extrinsic proteins and intrinsic proteins. Where it allows small molecules like
water and oxygen to pass the membrane by diffusion. Whilst large water-
soluble molecules like glucose are too big to pass through the phospholipid
bilayer. Some of the phospholipid molecules make up in the bilayer alongside
proteins that are found in the membrane and where phospholipid molecules
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,Unit 5: Anatomy and Physiology
have a carbohydrate part attached they are called glycolipids. And where
proteins molecules have a carbohydrate part attached are glycoproteins.
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a semi-fluid
material like gel and is made up of
mostly water and salt, which is
capable of flowing slowly. The
cytoplasm is presented within the
cell membrane of all cell types and
contains all the organelles and cell
parts which has several functions in
the cell. There are complex storage
sugars such as glycogen and
melanin is found in cytoplasm. “With
many chemical reactions that are
carried in the cytoplasm of
metabolism as most of the important activities of the cell occur in the
cytoplasm, which contain molecules like enzymes, which are accountable for
breaking down waste. Also the cytoplasm is responsible for giving cells their
shape and helps fill out the cell with keeping the organelles in place, as
without the cytoplasm, the cell would deflate causing the material to not easily
pass from one organelle to another.” SoftSchools. (2005-2018) Function of
Cytoplasm. [Online] [Accessed on 4th February 2018]
http://www.softschools.com/science/biology/function_of_cytoplasm/.
Mitochondria
The mitochondria is responsible for the
production of the energy-carrier
molecule, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
and from carbohydrates where the
energy from glucose is trapped and
stored until needed by adenosine
triphosphate / a chemical battery. So
when energy is required for building
complex molecules or work like
contracting muscles, the adenosine
triphosphate where it breaks down to
adenosine diphosphate (ADP) where it
releases energy to build chemical
bonds. Which then the adenosine diphosphate recycles and builds up once
again into adenosine triphosphate with the use of energy released from
glucose.
The Endoplasmic reticulum
The Endoplasmiic reticulum (ER), which is a branching network that it fills in
the interior of the cell. Where the membrane of the channels is similar in
structure to the cell membrane and continuous with the nuclear membrane.
And works with the Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, Messenger RNA and
Transfer RNA. And the channels form passageways for transporting materials
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to and from different parts of the cell. And there are two types of Endoplasmic
reticulum that are:
- Rough endoplasmic
reticulum
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is
studded with tiny black bodies
called ribosomes that look like
“sheets of bumpy membranes with
its ribosomes attacked to it surface
which is very important in the
synthesis and packaging of
proteins. Whilst also being attached
to the nuclear envelope that
surrounds the nucleus where this
direction connection between the
perinuclear space and lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum which allows
movement of the molecules through membranes.” Rader’s Biology4Kids.com.
(1997-2017) Endoplasmic Reticulum - Wrapping it Up. [Online] [Accessed on
4th February 2018] http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html. The function
is to make cell proteins and act as a temporary storage area. And sometimes
has sugars added to the proteins that make glycoproteins.
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), which lacks ribosomes on its
surface and looks more tubular. And “acts as a storage organelle which
are important in the creation and storage of lipids and steroids. The
steroids are a type of organic molecule used for many purposes in an
organism but do not always build the muscle mass of a weight lifter.”
Endoplasmic Reticulum - Wrapping it Up. [Online] [Accessed on 4th
February 2018]
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html. The Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum functions is to synthesise, store and transport lipids as well as
synthesise, store and transport
carbohydrates.
Golgi Apparatus
Golgi apparatus appearance being a
“membrane-bound organelle of eukaryotic
cells where cells with a clearly defined
nuclei that look like a series of flattened,
stacked pouches of cisternae. It is
responsible for transporting, modifying
and packaging proteins and lipids into
vesicles in targeted areas as well to
deliver to other organelles or outwards from the cell in secretions. With its
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