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Grade 12 Economic Geography Notes (in-depth)
- Grado
- Institución
Grade 12 Economic Geography Notes (in-depth) based off the Focus Textbook
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Geography: Economic GeographyChapter 1: Structure of the Economy
Economic activities of activities fall into 4 sectors:
Primary – extract natural resources (farming, forestry, hunting, mining)
Secondary – process raw materials + manufacture goods (metal working, building, cars etc.)
Tertiary – Provide services (education, doctors, transport, police, military)
Quaternary – Intellectual activities (data processing, consulting etc.)
2 Ways of measuring value of economic sectors
1. Employment rate
2. GDP = the total value of a country’s output for one year
Unit 3: Use of stati sti cal and graphical informati on
Graphs and data are used for:
Understanding economics of that country
Giving perspective on a region
Identifying economic strength and weaknesses of region
Showing change over time
Chapter 2: Agriculture
Agriculture is important to SA: It provides jobs (farmers, truck drivers, cashiers etc.), raw materials, contributes to economy, less food to be imported, and
more exports. Two types of farming: Small and large-scale farming
, Unit 5: Small-scale and large-scale farmers
Small-scale farmers Large-scale farmers
Description Small but economically viable is used. Some practise Large tracts of land used for profit
hydroponic farming = growing plants in a greenhouse
without soil but using a nutrient liquid piped to the roots.
Generally communal farming = food production on land that
is owned by a group of people living there and is controlled
by the local chief.
Inputs - Limited fertiliser - Fertilisers and GM seeds
- Manual labour and limited machinery - Machinery and paid labour
- Some capital - Lots of capital
Farm size - Bigger than subsistent farm - Huge in size and operation
- Variety of produce - Monoculture and extensive farming
- Irrigation in the form pipes, dams, or pumps - Irrigation schemes and highly mechanised
- Intensively farmed
Types of crops - Vegetables, flowers, and chickens - Maize, wheat, sugar cane, beef, and sheep
Markets Local consumers Local consumers and exports
Processing plants - Sugar mills - Sugar mills
- Timber mills - Timer mills
- Charcoal factories - Juicing
- Wood chipping - Canning and packaging
Advantages Usually family business - Easy to get contracts
- Use less water and plants grow quicker - Bigger profits
- Higher crop yields
- Plants suffer less wind or sunburn
- Crops ripen earlier
- Diseases are easier to control
Disadvantages - Lack of government support - Increase in cost of production, seeds, fertilisers, irrigation
- Output too small for contracts with supermarket - Government assistance has been withdrawn
chains - Some farmers decrease production of low-value products
- Need expensive equipment (greenhouses) that can be imported more cheaply to produce high-value
products
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