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Pharmacodynamics (MDMA) -increased in serotonin level in synapses (blocking reuptake & stimulating reverse transport) -action on 5-HT2A receptors in particular -NE and DA levels increase as well (considered a psychomotor stimulant) Pharmacokinetics (MDMA) -effects apparent within 1 hour of taking pill -metabolite MDA is probably more potent than MDMA Stacking -taking 2nd or 3rd dose before 1st dissipates -severe hypothermia, hypertension -arrhythmia -kidney failure -symptoms cluster into serot...

Which Greek philosopher is responsible for the humoral theory of disease? Hippocrates Europe experienced a hiatus from scientific advancement from 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. What event occurred that led to this pause? Fall of the Roman Empire Why are oral contraceptives considered a pharmacological revolution? It was the first major drug designed to be given to a healthy person (not to prevent disease, but to change lifestyle) Describe recreational drug use. Drugs that are used/legal as a result o...

The scientific method this is used to test associations. The process is to do research, come up with a question, hypothesize, and then test the hypothesis Hypothesis this is a shorter, narrower idea when compared to a theory Theory this is built upon a large amount of research to answer a larger question, as opposed to a hypothesis P-value a probability (less than 0.05 is statistically significant), but not proof itself. Due to bias, confounds, and unknown factors, even statistically signifi...

Nicotine is found in _________________ tobacco Nicotine Pharmacokinetics: Route of Administration Metabolized by Metabolite Half-life inhalation CYP2A6 Cotinine 2 hours Although nicotine is readily absorbed, only about _______% of the nicotine in an average cigarette actually makes it into the bloodstream. 20 Because cigarettes contain, on average, about ______ mg of nicotine, smokers only take in about _________ mg of nicotine per cigarette. This is fortunate, as nicotine is a very poi...

Addiction a state in which someone is afflicted with obsessive thoughts about drug used and overcome by compulsive urges to use a drug. Dependence a state in which someone's body has adapted to the presence of a drug to the extent that when the drug is removed, their body is thrown into disequilibrium. Physical dependence and addiction go together. T/F false, often they do go together but they don't have to. Natural Rewards things we find rewarding or experiences that are a part of life (se...

How long after oral consumption does it generally take to reach a 99% level of absorption of caffeine? 45 minutes True or false, caffeine is lipophilic and hydrophilic, allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier. true Which of the following is considered an anticholinergic symptom produced by scopolamine? Loss of attention Blurred vision Hypertension Approximately how long does it take for psychosis from anticholinergic poisoning to clear out of your system? 36-48 hours True or false: LSD ...

Addiction State in which someone is afflicted with obsessive thought about drug used and overcome by compulsive urges to use a drug. Dependence Indicatve of a state in which someone's body has adapted to the presence of a drug to the extent that when the drug is removed, their body is thrown into disequilibrium. Addiction vs. Dependence Addiction is more like a thought overcome with compulsive urges while dependence is when the drug is removed from the body it goes into disequilibrium. Altho...

The limit for ethanol content of a beverage by fermentation alone is typically ______% 5 12 20 10 12 Ethanol is byproduct of fermentation of Grains Fruits Sugars All the above all the above Disulfiram (antabuse) works by Inhibiting alcohol dehydrogenase Blocking GABA rec Inhibiting monoamine oxidase Inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibiting acetaldehyde dehydrogenase Prohibition in US decreased rate of alcohol use in US True False true BAC is a stand in for Dose Dosage dosage Ethanol...

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