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Chemistry 231 Exam 1 Review with Complete Solutions How are resonance structures ranked in order of importance? ANSWER 1. All atoms have complete octets 2. Smallest formal charges on atoms (least separation of charge) 3. Fewest number of adjacent formal charges 4. Structure in which the negative formal charge is on the more electronegative atom and the structure in which the positive formal charge is on the least electronegative atom (not C!!!) What is the pKa of Amine? ANSWER 35 Wha...

Chem 231 Lab Final Solvent Extraction Exam with Questions and Answers What is the purpose of the solvent extraction in this experiment? ANSWER To separate a mixture containing an acidic, basic, and neutral compound by liquid-liquid solvent extraction. What is the purpose of the TLC analysis in this experiment? ANSWER To monitor the separation and estimate the extent of separation/purity of the isolated compounds. What is solvent extraction? Name the two types. ANSWER A technique commonl...

CHM 231 Final Exam Prep with Questions and Answers Alternative sources of Cl ANSWER SOCl2 + pyridine Alternative sources of Br ANSWER PBr3 Alternative sources or Cl and Br are limited to what? ANSWER 1* and 2* alcohols only Zaitsev's law ANSWER major product of elimination is the most stable alkene -> carbon neighbors How many products form for each elimination reaction? ANSWER -1* = 1 product -2* = 2 products -3* = 3 products Reagents that form ketones ANSWER -CrO3 -N...

ISU CHEM 231 Exam 1 with Questions and Answers Alkanes ANSWER All sigma bonds, pKa=50 Alkenes ANSWER Double bond, pKa=44 Alkyne ANSWER Triple bond, pKa=25 Equilibrium will favor side of ANSWER Weaker acid sp3 ANSWER NO pi bonds, all sigma bonds, Tetrahedral 109.5 sp2 ANSWER Any atom with 1 pi bond, Planar 120 sp ANSWER 2 pi bonds, Linear 180 Drawing curved arrows for resonance ANSWER Tail to head. Start with lone pairs. CANT break sigma bonds Bronsted-Lowery Acid ANSWE...

CHEM 231 Midterm 1 Test with Questions and Answers states of matter ANSWER gas, liquid, solid, plasma physical change ANSWER nothing changes at atomic level chemical change ANSWER changes at the atomic level (making and breaking bonds) homogenous mixture ANSWER sugar and water- you can't see both things heterogeneous mixture ANSWER wet sand-you can see both but you cannot seperate extensive property ANSWER depends on amount ex. volume, mass intensive property ANSWER does ...

CHEM 231 Lab Final Exam with Questions and Answers When doing a mixed melting point determination why is it important to carefully mixed together the unknown sample with the known sample? ANSWER It is important to mix the unknown sample with the known sample because we can tell if the mixture is pure or impure when melting the sample and comparing the melting points to one another to determine the unknown What is the meaning of a sharp melting point? What is the significance of a sharp mel...

Chem 231 Midterm Quiz with Complete Solutions What is the Pauli Exclusion Principal? ANSWER no two electrons in an atom can have the same four quantum numbers What is Hund's rule? ANSWER every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied State and explain the trend in atomic size horizontally and vertically on the periodic table ANSWER atoms get smaller from left to right because the protons pull the electrons closer, while the ...

CHEM 231 Exam 1 Guide with Questions and Answers what do you have to do to alcohols before they can react with other things? ANSWER you must activate them what are the ways you can activate alcohols so they convert to alkyl halides? ANSWER protonation, or using PCl3,PBr3, SOCl2, or TsCl on pyridine what is a primary alcohol? ANSWER OH group bonded to 1 other carbon what is a secondary alcohol? ANSWER OH group bonded to 2 other carbons what is a tertiary alcohol? ANSWER OH group bo...

CHEM 231 EXAM 3 with Questions and Answers glycols ANSWER a diol with OH groups on adjacent carbons polar ANSWER are alcohols polar or non-polar? H-bonding ANSWER what increases the BP of alcohols compared to similar sized alkanes? higher ANSWER is the bp of alcohols lower or higher than alkanes? low mw ANSWER what kind of alcohols are always soluble? low polarity ANSWER do thiols have high or low polarity? lower BP ANSWER do thiols have a lower or higher BP? increases AN...

Chem 231 Midterm Study Guide (OSU) with Questions and Answers how much heat is released when x mol of y is combusted ANSWER mol → kJ. if heat is being released- exothermic (answer is negative) if heat is being absorbed-endothermic (answer is positive) how much heat is released when x grams of y is combusted? ANSWER grams → mol → kJ. if heat is being released- exothermic (answer is negative) if heat is being absorbed-endothermic (answer is positive) how much heat is r...