Oefenvragen samenvatting Advanced Urban Geography

Tangible linkages: Connections between countries in the cultural, physical or emotional sense 1. The amount of economic, military and technical assistance programs between counties that could have an effect on the population movement between countries. 2. The number of mass communication products, such as newspapers, films, book, magazines and television shows, making it easier to migrate from one place to another because of the similarities between them. 3. The number of letters sent between people’s in different places can be a measurement for the connections between people in countries leading to closer connections. But also the number of face-to-face meetings with family or gifts between them. 4. The amount of communication between migrant agency activities and the knowledge of those agencies about the countries. Regulatory linkages: legal or contractual connection 5. Immigration of emigration policies between the countries and the barrier that forms for migration to occur. But also import- and export tariffs that hold back trade. 6. Societal norms and governmental rules that lead to migration for specific countries or the community acceptance of immigrants that come to other places. 7. Person-to-person obligations amount relatives that lead to family or chain migration or holds back migration due to those social connections. 8. Laws that make it easier or more difficult for migrant agencies to do their job properly. This might lead to time delays or a low acceptance rate. Or by return, the amount of information an agency can give about the actual situation going on in the country. Relational linkages: comparison of the two places or conditions 9. Economic and political dependency relations. 10. Degree of similarities between the countries 11. Socio-economic status of out-migrants and returned migrant. 12. The similarity between activities in the place of origin and destination.

1. Wealth (high-state income) 2. Status (having power or showing power) 3. Comfort (living in a pleasant neighbourhood) 4. Stimulation (fun, excitement, meeting people) 5. Autonomy (being free to see, do what you want) 6. Affiliation (living near family or friends) 7. Morality (living in a place that does not expose your child to bad influences)