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Essay of 4 pages for the course Nationality, Immigration and Asylum at University of Wolverhampton (Naionality essay)
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SN: 1711198Nationality, Immigration and Asylum
Section 1:
Providing that certain premises are met; nationality is something that every individual is
entitled to, and this reflected in Article 15(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
1948 which states ‘everyone has the right to a nationality’. Article 15(2) of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights also guarantees a right to have the freedom to change
nationality and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Article 24(3) assert
the individual’s rights to a nationality. It is important to note that this is implied and operates
differently case by case.
By virtue of birth, it seems that Hugo will not be entitled to British citizenship, despite being
born and lived in London since 1982. Previously before WW2 one’s nationality was
determined only by territory in which they are born (which is) ‘jus soli’ which means
‘countries recognise as nationals all those born on the territory (or soil)’. Jus soli principle
orginated from the Calvin Case [1608] which confirmed that anyone born in Scotland after
the Union of england and scotland was subject to the monarch (a citizen). This again was
clarified in s(1) of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 where essentially it
stated that anyone born within ‘His Majestys dominion and allegiance’ was a British Citizen.
However, the British Nationality Act 1981 abolished ‘ius soli’ and replaced it with ‘ius
sanguinis’. This was because the British Nationality Act 1981 recognised UK based British
and non-UK based British. This now meant that countries recognised British citizenship
being acquired by birth in Britain, if the child’s parents are either British or settled. For a child
to be registered as a British citizen at birth, one or both parents will need to hold British
Citizenship or have settled status. The application requirement for settled status is 5 years
(and above) of continuous residence in the United Kingdom. In this circumstance, we are
told that Bill-Jean is a French citizen who is residential to Paris, and Hugo’s father Margot is
a French citizen. None of Hugo’s parents are British, and there is no evidence of his parents
settling in the UK for more than 5 years. Therefore Hugo cannot be entitled to British
citizenship by virtue of his birth only; although there are other means he can use to still get
citizenship, just that he will not qualify to obtain by virtue of birth.
Q: Will Max & his potential children be British Citizens?
By virtue of birth alone, Max will be entitled to a British citizenship. Kevin’s his father holds
British citizenship otherwise than by descent. Therefore by the principles of the British
Nationality Act 1981 s(2)(a), Max will be able to acquire British Citizenship, even though he
was born abroad and holds French Nationality. Originally, the British Nationality Act 1981
made it impossible for children of an unmarried father/unregistered partner to acquire British
nationality. However the British Nationality Act 1981, was challenged by Montana v.SSHD
[2001] and subsequently amended by the Immigration Act 2014, Section 65 (4 E), so now
children born before July 1 2006, can acquire British citizenship despite if their parents are
not married.
Concerning Max’s potential children, they will not hold British citizenship automatically
according to the British Nationality Act 1981. For Max’s children to hold British nationality,
Max’s spouse must hold valid British citizenship. This is because the acquistion of ‘ius
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