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LECTURE 1 CHAPTERSChapter 7
Learning objectives:
7-1: What are the principal components of telecommunications networks and key
networking technologies
7-2 what are the different types of networks
7-3 how do the internet and internet technology work, and how do they support
communication and e-business.
7-4 what are the principal technologies and standards for wireless networking
communication, and internet access?
7-1: What are the principal components of
telecommunications networks and key networking
technologies
What is a computer network
A computer network consists of the following:
-Networking operating system: Routes and manages communication on the network and
coordinates network resources.
-The hubs in there to act as a connection point between computers.
-The switch filters and forwards data to a specified destination on the network.
-a router is a communication processor that routes data through different networks, to
make sure that the data is send to the right address.
-Because network switches and routers have proprietary software built into their hardware
for directing the movement of the data, it can eventually lead to network bottlenecks.
Therefore software-defined networking is a there to control many of these function by one
program
,Key Digital Networking Technologies:
There are three key technologies for digital networks:
1. Client/server computing
a. Is a distributed computing model in which some of the processing power is
located withing small, inexpensive client computers.
2. The use of packet switching
a. Packet switching: Method of slicing digital messages into packets, sending
them along different communication paths, and reassemble the packets once
they arrive
3. Development of widely used communication standards for linking disparate
networks and computers. (TCP/IP Connectivity)
a. In a typical telecommunication network, software and hardware
communicate with each other by adhering to protocols. Protocol: set of
rules and procedures. Back in the days protocols forced business firms to
purchase equipment. Nowadays, we use TCP? IP
7-2 what are the different types of networks
Signals: Digital Versus Analog
There are two ways to communicate a message in a network:
- Analog signal: Continuous waveform that passes though a communications medium
for audio communication.
, - Digital signal: binary waveform, that communicates information as strings of two
discrete states. These digital signals are used by computers and convert these into
analog signals that can be send over telephone lines.
Modem : is a cable that connects your computer to the internet by using a cable network.
Types of Networks:
- Local Area Network(LAN)
o Is there to connect personal computers and digital devices. Uses a
client/server architecture. Or LAN may use peer-to-peer architecture
Larger LAN networks have separate servers for specific services.
- Metropolitan and Wide Area Networks (MAN).
- (Wide Area Networks) Span big geographical distances. The most powerful WAN is
the internet.
- MAN is a network that spans a metropolitan area
PICTURE OF TYPE OF NETWORKS
7-3 how do the internet and internet technology work, and how do
they support communication and e-business.
Most homes connect to the internet by subscribing to an internet service provider. This
internet service provider can connect you to the internet using:
- Digital subscriber line: Carries voice, data, and video.(fast)
- Cable internet connections: (slower)
- T1 Lines: (slowest), are for telephone communication.
Internet Addressing and Architecture
The internet is based on TCP?IP. every device connected to TCP/IP is assigned Internet
protocol (IP) address.
Domain name system
To remember the IP address they can be linked to a domain name system. This domain
name system is has a hierarchy:
LOOK AT THE PICTURE BELOW< VERY CLEAR IT MAKES THE CONCEPT
, Internet services and communication tools
Internet services
Internet services exist like emailing, chatting, instant messaging, etc.
-Voice over IP: allows voice information in digital form. Instead of calling someone it is a
voice memo that is cut into data bits and send
-Unified communications: is a platform that integrates disparate channels for voice
communications, data communications, instant messaging into a single experience by witch
users can switch back and forth between communication modes.
-VPN(virtual private network) : is a secure network that provides a firm secure
communications
The web
A webpage is formatted using hypertext. These are links that connect documents to one
another and also link pages.
Hypertext
Web pages are based upon Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). This formats documents
and incorporates dynamic links to other documents.
By using the hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) web pages are accessible through the
internet. This transfers pages on the web.
Together with HTTP and the domain name the uniform resource locator is created (URL)/
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