Garantie de satisfaction à 100% Disponible immédiatement après paiement En ligne et en PDF Tu n'es attaché à rien
logo-home
PUBLIC LAW SUMMARY €5,49
Ajouter au panier

Resume

PUBLIC LAW SUMMARY

 16 vues  0 fois vendu

PUBLIC LAW SUMMARY BBA KU LEUVEN

Aperçu 3 sur 28  pages

  • 12 juin 2021
  • 28
  • 2020/2021
  • Resume
Tous les documents sur ce sujet (2)
avatar-seller
felixpeetersvanderpaal
Introduction to Law

Part 1 – General Introduction to the Western legal system
 Introduction to the legal system
o Not the law or a legal system (e.g. Belgian, French, English, US law…)
o System instead of rules
o Relativity of the law
 Abstract introduction, but irrespective of background?
o Secular law in the Western tradition
o Not religious systems of law
 Islamic Law
 Hindu Law
 Jewish Law
 Canon Law (Christian)
o Christianity has deeply influenced Western Law
 Law is not about religious beliefs and duties
 It is about how society should be organised & how people should treat one
another, regardless of their beliefs

Chapter 1 – Law in objective & subjective sense
What is law?
 Has an etymological origin
o Has a link to the authorities and establishments
 Ambiguous notion
o Law (Objective)
o Right (Subjective)

Distinction between law (objective) & right (subjective)
 Objective: Law as a societal phenomenon
o Set of general (un)written rules for outward behaviour (not thoughts) of people living
in a social context (not animals)
o Observance of these rules is enforced by government (Tenant and the broken window
– Objective Rule)
 Subjective: Law from an individual point of view
o Claim that a person derives formal legal rule
 Obligation to do / to give / to abstain from

Link between law in objective & subjective sense
 Two sides of the same medal
o I have a subjective right because my claim is protected by the law (grounded in the
law in objective sense)
 I can claim my property  the law protects the right of personal property
 Rules in property (acquisition, loss…) = law in objective sense
 But on that legal basis, I can claim personal property

 Behavioural rules (law) do NOT exist to the detriment of the recipient but for the benefit of
others
o Ownership
o Ban on tortious act (art. 1382 to 1286 of the Civil Code)

What lawyers do: An example of analytic approach
Article 1382 Civil Code
“Any act whatever of man, which causes damage to another, obliges the one by whose fault it
occurred, to compensate it.”

1

,  What is Fault? (Tortious act)
 Loss (detriment)
 Causality

Claimant has to prove ALL 3 components in order to be entitled to compensation:
1. Fault/ tortious act
 Objective component = the act
o Breach of a specific rule
o Breach of the general duty of care
 Criterion = Bonus pater familias-rule
 Subjective component = tortious nature of the act
o Mental capacity (mentally disturbed persons legally accountable - Art. 1386bis C.C)
o Age (power of discernment)

2. Loss/detriment
 Both material and moral detriment
 Loss has to be appraisable in money
 Breach of a right is not necessary, nor sufficient
o Court of Cassation: rejection of the right-based theory in 1939
 Prejudice to someone’s interests that causes a loss that is appraisable in money

3. Causality
 Would there be a loss, without a tortious act?
 What about predestination?
 What about tortious acts of other people?
 (Theory of the equivalent causes vs. Theory of the adequate cause)

Essence of art. 1382 C.C
Provision contains TWO objective rules:
1. Ban on causing loss to others through tortious acts
2. Duty to compensate for the loss
 Subjective right to compensation/damages

Link between Objective & Subjective sense
 Two sides of the same medal
 Two types of litigation
o Subjective vs. objective litigation
o Legal dispute concerning a subjective right (claim rounded in law) versus challenge
the law (i.e. an objective rule)

The law (objective sense) – definition and decisive features
 Working definition
“Objectively law is the set of mandatory rules for the outward behaviour of the persons that
are enforced by the authorities”

 Decisive features
1. Law is about mandatory rules (obligations & prohibitions)
o Law is about behaviour that CAN deviate, but shouldn’t deviate
o What does the law oblige to?
 Rules oblige to achieve a certain result or impose a duty of care
 Strict liability
 Duty of care - Criterion: abstract bonus pater familias
 How to distinct both?!


2

, Distinction between duty of care and strict liability
 Case law clarified the notion:
o Uncertain nature of the result
 Will diligence automatically lead to the result?
o Is the creditor actively involved?
o Did the creditor accept any risk?
 Importance of the distinction?
o Burden of proof
 Assumed fault of debtor if result has not been achieved (strict liability)
 Creditor needs to proof negligence (duty of care)

2. Legal rules concern outward human behaviour
o Not animals/objects
o Not the unexpressed thoughts/wishes/ideas etc.…

3. Legal rules are general and impersonal
o Characteristics of legal rules
o Why does a rule have to be general and impersonal?
 Legal certainty (in order to ban arbitrariness)

o Unlimited scope of the legal rule
 Individual decisions versus rules
 Unlimited number of applications

4. Legal rules are enforced by the authorities
o Enforcement (sanctions) are typical of any kind of rule
 Moral rule  moral dilemma
 Religious rule  in hereafter
 Social conventions  social rejections
o Legal rules are enforced by the government authorities
 Court system
 Bailiff
 Police
 Prison

Various forms of enforcement
1. Do I have a subjective right?
 Work of the courts (courts acknowledge your claim)
2. Is your subjective right enforceable and how?
 Prime sanction = enforcement in kind (specific performance)
 The rule in Belgium
 Duty AND right of the debtor
 Not every obligation can be enforced in kind
3. Qualify the nature of the obligation
 Obligation to pay
 Obligation to do (incl. give)
 Obligation to refrain from doing something

 Obligation to pay money
o Seizure
 After final court decision
 Before final court decision (sequestration)
o Public sale (auction)
o Interest

3

Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.

L’achat facile et rapide

L’achat facile et rapide

Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.

Focus sur l’essentiel

Focus sur l’essentiel

Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.

Foire aux questions

Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?

Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.

Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?

Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.

Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?

Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur felixpeetersvanderpaal. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.

Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?

Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €5,49. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.

Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?

4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)

52510 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours

Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans

Commencez à vendre!
€5,49
  • (0)
Ajouter au panier
Ajouté