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Word Synonym Definition Sample sentenceINTRODUCTI
ON TO
LEGAL
ENGLISH
Civil law Roman Law A codified system of law, The romans
that originates from invented the Civil
Roman law, which is law.
established by a state for
its regulation and which is
concerned with non-
criminal matters, rights
and remedies.
Common law Case law Legal system which is the In Great Britain they
foundation of legal use common law.
systems of most of the
English-speaking
countries of the world,
based on customs, usage
and court decisions.
Also called: case law,
judge made law.
Criminal law The laws of a state or Criminal law does
country dealing with not treat traffic
criminal offenses and offences with the
their punishments. gravity they
deserve.
Codified Collected To reduce (laws, rules, French law
etc.) to a code. was codified in the
17th century by the
“Ordonnance de
1673.”
Case law Common
Law
,Judge-made Established by a court, as Judge-made law is
law by an application or based on a judge's
interpretation of a law interpretation or
that is allegedly contrary decision
to the intentions of the
enacting body or by a
decision that does not
rest on legislation.
Penal law A law prescribing a Penal law is used for
penalty (as a fine or criminals.
imprisonment) for one
who violates it.
Substantia
Supreme Ultimate Highest in rank or Higher courts,
authority. including
the Supreme Court
had refused to
intercede, and the
stay was to expire
tonight.
Constitutional Lawful, Of or relating to Of course, police
legitimate the constitution of a have constitutional r
state, organization, etc. ights to express
themselves.
Establishing Founding, To found, institute, build, To establish a
starting or bring into being on a university; to
firm or stable basis. establish a medical
practice.
Gradually Slowly, Occurring, developing, The email
progressive moving, etc., in small exchanges started
ly stages: a gradual out as cordial, if
improvement in health. cold,
but gradually grew
, more
confrontational.
Cooperation Collaboratio An act or instance of Historically,
n working or acting Washington is not
together for a common allergic
purpose or benefit; joint to cooperation with
action. devils.
More or less active
assistance from a person,
organization, etc.
Breadth Range Size in general; extent. However, there was
sharp disagreement
over the breadth of
the problem.
Supranational Internation Outside or beyond the Beyond the
al, authority of authority or
worldwide one national government, jurisdiction of one
as a project or policy that national
is planned and controlled government: the
by a group of nations. supranational
institutions of the EU
Ordinance Decree An authoritative rule or On October 2011,
law; a decree or the prefecture
command. established
an ordinance imposi
ng fines and
potential jail time.
Bill Government. A form or
draft of a proposed
statute presented to a
, legislature, but not yet
enacted or passed and
made law.
Directive Instruction An authoritative Forcing them to
instruction or direction; abide by
specific order: that directive throug
h law is quite
another.
Regulation Rule A law, rule, or other order The resulting
prescribed by authority, negotiation, they
especially hope, would gut the
to regulate conduct. EPA regulation.
Statue A written law passed by a The state legislature
legislative body. passed
the statute by an
overwhelming
margin.
Court of The highest court of
Cassation/ appeal especially in
supreme court various European
countries.
Labour = a governmental
Tribunal/ judiciary body which rules
Court on labor or employment-
related matters and
disputes.
Commercial = a court that handles
Tribunal/ exclusively commercial
Court litigation. Commercial
court hears business
disputes under simplified
procedures.
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