1
ENGLISH SEMESTER 1
Ltd = Limited Company ; Britse / Ierse versie van een niet-beursgenoteerde NV (limited liability)
Plc = Public Limited Company ; Britse / Ierse versie van een NV (vb. Siemens)
Inc. = Incorporated (American company) ; the public can buy and sell shares on the stock market
1. An English address is slightly different from a Belgian address. What differences do you notice?
- English = first the number, then the street. In Belgium we write the street first and then the
number.
2. Any idea what the abbreviation pp (or p.p.) means? When do you use it and where can you put it
then? Do you also know what pp stands for?
- pp is written before a person’s name at the bottom of a formal or business letter in order to
indicate that they signed the letter on behalf of the person whose name appears before theirs.
3. What 3 parts does the signature block ideally consists of?
- Name, function, signature
4. Where do you put the subject title in a letter?
- Before the body, after salutation
5. What differences as to a person’s name do you notice between the inside address (layout =
envelope) and the salutation?
- Don’t use the first name is a salutation
Informal expressions = As ever, Best, Best wishes
Formal expressions = Cordially, Kindest regards, Sincerely, Best regards
Very formal expressions = Yours sincerely
- What is the difference in the use of ‘Yours sincerely’ and ‘Yours faithfully’?
Dear Sir/Madam + no name? -> Yours faithfully
Know the person’s name? -> Yours sincerely
How to write a date in American/British English :
1) American English = Month, Day, Year
British English = Day, Month, Year
2) Month with a capital
3) Say : The … of … ≠ not write !
British English = 6 September th September 2021 / ((Saturday) the 6th of September 2021)
American English = September 6, 2021 / Monday, September 6, 2021
, 2
The signature block of a letter vs that of an email :
Letter Email
Name (+ Mr or Ms) Name (+ Mr or Ms)
Job title Job title
Enc.
Company name
Company address
Telephone number
Website address
Social Media links
Basic plan of possible functions :
1 Beginning
2 explaining the purpose
3 requesting information
Body
4 giving info or replying to a request for info
5 Apologising
6 Closing
1. Further to our conversation of / Further to your email of 17th July …
We have received your letter of 24th February in which you asked …
Thank you for your letter of 24th February. …
3. Could you please … ?
We would like to enquire (inlichtingen vragen) about / whether …
4. Please do not hesitate to contact us should you need any further information
Please find enclosed …
5. We are extremely sorry to hear about this. …
We very much regret that this has happened. …
6. We look forward to meeting / hearing from you in the near future.
Adjective Clauses and Phrases :
It is beautiful weather (adjective)
This is a one-meter-high tower (adjective phrase)
This is the student who doesn’t pay attention (adjective clause)
, 3
1 Present Participle
Continuous tense He is reading a book.
Gerund -> een ZN dat is afgeleid van een WW Reading books is fun.
He likes reading books.
Participle Look at the reading boy.
He came reading around the corner.
He sat reading in the corner.
I saw him reading.
2 Past Participle -> Voltooid Deelwoord
Perfect tenses He has forgotten the pencil
he had forgotten the pencil
Passive voice A house is built. -> een huis wordt gebouwd
A house was built. -> een huis werd gebouwd
Participle Look at the washed car.
The car washed yesterday is blue.
He had his car washed.
3 Perfect Participle
- having + past participle
o having worked there for 30 years
o having read the book the boy came out of the room
- used to form an active sentence with the past participle
- one action happens after another (= time gap between actions)
+ zie oefeningen p30 !
, 4
Showing a sequence (volgorde)
- first (of all), secondly, next, thirdly, finally
Showing a cause / result (oorzaak)
- consequently (met als gevolg dat), as a result, since, therefore (daarom), due to (omwille van)
Talking generally
- in general
Making a contrast
- even though, alternatively, in contrast, however, instead, notwithstanding niettegenstaande), on
the other hand, nevertheless (hoe dan ook), otherwise, on the contrary
Adding another point
- in addition, in addition to this, moreover (bovendien), furthermore, in other words, especially,
alternatively
Giving an example
- for instance, for example, e.g.
Giving real / true / surprising information
- as a matter of fact
Saying something that is obvious
- naturally, obviously
Giving / quoting the most important example
- especially, thus (dus)
Rephrasing (it) in a different way
- in other words, likewise (eveneens), as
ENGLISH SEMESTER 1
Ltd = Limited Company ; Britse / Ierse versie van een niet-beursgenoteerde NV (limited liability)
Plc = Public Limited Company ; Britse / Ierse versie van een NV (vb. Siemens)
Inc. = Incorporated (American company) ; the public can buy and sell shares on the stock market
1. An English address is slightly different from a Belgian address. What differences do you notice?
- English = first the number, then the street. In Belgium we write the street first and then the
number.
2. Any idea what the abbreviation pp (or p.p.) means? When do you use it and where can you put it
then? Do you also know what pp stands for?
- pp is written before a person’s name at the bottom of a formal or business letter in order to
indicate that they signed the letter on behalf of the person whose name appears before theirs.
3. What 3 parts does the signature block ideally consists of?
- Name, function, signature
4. Where do you put the subject title in a letter?
- Before the body, after salutation
5. What differences as to a person’s name do you notice between the inside address (layout =
envelope) and the salutation?
- Don’t use the first name is a salutation
Informal expressions = As ever, Best, Best wishes
Formal expressions = Cordially, Kindest regards, Sincerely, Best regards
Very formal expressions = Yours sincerely
- What is the difference in the use of ‘Yours sincerely’ and ‘Yours faithfully’?
Dear Sir/Madam + no name? -> Yours faithfully
Know the person’s name? -> Yours sincerely
How to write a date in American/British English :
1) American English = Month, Day, Year
British English = Day, Month, Year
2) Month with a capital
3) Say : The … of … ≠ not write !
British English = 6 September th September 2021 / ((Saturday) the 6th of September 2021)
American English = September 6, 2021 / Monday, September 6, 2021
, 2
The signature block of a letter vs that of an email :
Letter Email
Name (+ Mr or Ms) Name (+ Mr or Ms)
Job title Job title
Enc.
Company name
Company address
Telephone number
Website address
Social Media links
Basic plan of possible functions :
1 Beginning
2 explaining the purpose
3 requesting information
Body
4 giving info or replying to a request for info
5 Apologising
6 Closing
1. Further to our conversation of / Further to your email of 17th July …
We have received your letter of 24th February in which you asked …
Thank you for your letter of 24th February. …
3. Could you please … ?
We would like to enquire (inlichtingen vragen) about / whether …
4. Please do not hesitate to contact us should you need any further information
Please find enclosed …
5. We are extremely sorry to hear about this. …
We very much regret that this has happened. …
6. We look forward to meeting / hearing from you in the near future.
Adjective Clauses and Phrases :
It is beautiful weather (adjective)
This is a one-meter-high tower (adjective phrase)
This is the student who doesn’t pay attention (adjective clause)
, 3
1 Present Participle
Continuous tense He is reading a book.
Gerund -> een ZN dat is afgeleid van een WW Reading books is fun.
He likes reading books.
Participle Look at the reading boy.
He came reading around the corner.
He sat reading in the corner.
I saw him reading.
2 Past Participle -> Voltooid Deelwoord
Perfect tenses He has forgotten the pencil
he had forgotten the pencil
Passive voice A house is built. -> een huis wordt gebouwd
A house was built. -> een huis werd gebouwd
Participle Look at the washed car.
The car washed yesterday is blue.
He had his car washed.
3 Perfect Participle
- having + past participle
o having worked there for 30 years
o having read the book the boy came out of the room
- used to form an active sentence with the past participle
- one action happens after another (= time gap between actions)
+ zie oefeningen p30 !
, 4
Showing a sequence (volgorde)
- first (of all), secondly, next, thirdly, finally
Showing a cause / result (oorzaak)
- consequently (met als gevolg dat), as a result, since, therefore (daarom), due to (omwille van)
Talking generally
- in general
Making a contrast
- even though, alternatively, in contrast, however, instead, notwithstanding niettegenstaande), on
the other hand, nevertheless (hoe dan ook), otherwise, on the contrary
Adding another point
- in addition, in addition to this, moreover (bovendien), furthermore, in other words, especially,
alternatively
Giving an example
- for instance, for example, e.g.
Giving real / true / surprising information
- as a matter of fact
Saying something that is obvious
- naturally, obviously
Giving / quoting the most important example
- especially, thus (dus)
Rephrasing (it) in a different way
- in other words, likewise (eveneens), as
