CPCE - Assessment and testing (2022/2023) Graded A+

CPCE - Assessment and testing (2022/2023) Graded A+ Appraisal Process of assessing or estimating attributes Free choice / free response Short answer Forced choice NCE/CPCE Recognition items Difficulty index Indicates percentage of people who answered each item correctly Normative & Ipsative format Normative - person's score evaluated by comparing it to others who took same test Ipsative - measures compare traits within same person Achievement (attainment) tests vs. personality (interest) inventory Achievement - Measure maximum performance or present level of skill Personality - typical performance Q-sort Sorting statements to evaluate self-esteem Sprial test vs. cyclical test Spiral - Items get progressively harder Cyclical - several sections which are spiral Test battery Horizontal test - measures various factors (ex: math & science) during same testing procedure Which is more important, validity or reliability? Validity - a test must measure what it means to measure Types of validity Content - does the test examine the behavior under scrutiny? Construct - test's ability to measure a theoretical construct like intelligence Concurrent - how well the test compares to other instruments that are intended for the same purpose Predictive (empirical) - test's ability to predict future behavior according to criteria Consequential - social implications of using tests * criterion validity - concurrent validity and predictive validity together Incremental vs. synthetic validity Incremental - process by which a test is refined and becomes more valid as contradictory items are dropped Synthetic - helper looks for tests that have been shown to predict each job element or component Convergent vs. discriminant validity Convergent - correlating test scores with an outside source Discriminant - test will not reflect unrelated variables Reliability coefficient of .70 means 70% of the score is accurate and 30% is inaccurate True variance or coefficient of determination Square the coefficient Ex: Correlation of .70 .... .70 x .70 = .49 and .49 x 100 = 49% First IQ test Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon MA/CA x 100 IQ formula replaced by SAS (standard age score) Wechsler IQ More for adults than Binet WPPSI Wechsler PS and Primary Scale of Intel. - 2-6 months to 7 years and 7 months WAIS-IV Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale - 16-90 years Online, 60-90 min, based on neurocognitive research, verbal/perceptual/working memory/processing speed, FSIQ (full scale IQ), measures IQ from 40-160 Mean: 100 SD: 15 (16 for Stanford Binet) WISC-IV Wechsler Intel. Scale for Children - 6-16 years Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey personality measure for people who do not have severe psychiatric disabilities MMPI - 2 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory -2 Help clinicians diagnose and treat Standardized personality test Psychometric Any form of mental testing Projective test Client will project their own personality if given unstructured task - shown neutral stimuli Favored by psychodynamic clinicians TAT Thematic Apperception Test - projective Uses pictures Bender Gestalt II Ability to discern if brain damage is evident, 4+, client instructed to copy 16 geometric figures which the client can look at while drawing AARC Assoc. for Assessment and Research in Counseling Connors ADHD Rating scales for client, teachers, and parents Standard error of measurement How accurate or inaccurate a test score is standard error (SEM) of 3. Score on test =106, if he takes test a lot, we can predict that 68% of the time.....Tom will score between 103 & 109 106-3 = 103 and 106+3 = 109 Computing Item difficulty #who answered correctly/ total # tested Formative evaluation Judgement of the program occurs when the program is forming or actually occurring Flynn effect the worldwide phenomenon that shows intelligence test performance has been increasing over the years Summative evaluation Occurs at end of program John Ertl Claimed he invented an electronic machine to analyze neural efficiency and take the place of the paper and pencil IQ test Robert Williams Created Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity (BITCH) Lewis Terman Americanized the Binet J.P. Guilford 120 factors which add up to intelligence convergent and divergent thinking Raymond Cattell fluid and crystallized intelligence 16 PF (16 personality Factor Questionnaire) - ages 16+ Francis Galton Intelligence was normally distributed like height or weight and that it was primarily genetic Arthur Jensen Tried to prove african americans lower IQs (Jensenism)