Nutrition 101 Exam 1 (Chapter 1-11) Complete Study Guide |Latest 2023/2024

Nutrition 101 Exam 1 (Chapter 1-11) Complete Study Guide |Latest 2023/2024 nutrition - the study of food - how food nourishes our bodies - how food influences our health nutrients - food in the chemical form of chemical compounds - provide energy, growth, & maintenance six classes of nutrients - carbohydrates: provide energy proteins: provide energy, growth, maintenance, support, regulates body processes fats: provide energy, growth, maintenance, support, regulates body processes vitamins: growth, maintenance, support, regulates body processes minerals: growth, maintenance, support, regulates body processes - help regulate body processes such as break down of food and conversion into energy: metabolism water: growth, maintenance, support, regulates body processes phytochemicals - plant chemicals that are thought to play a role in protecting the body against some chronic diseases nonnutritive compounds - do not provide calories - EX: alcohol, artificial sugars nutrients that provide energy - CHO= 4 kcals/g protein= 4 kcals/g fat= 9 kcals/g alcohol= 7 kcals/g leading causes of death in the US - 1. heart disease - nutrition related 2. cancer - nutrition related 3. stroke - nutrition related 6. diabetes - nutrition related factors that influence our choices of food - taste - most important factor convenience culture - environment social customs trends habits emotions time cost advertising nutritional knowledge time health - state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, and not merely the absence of disease - factors that influence health: nutrition, level of physical activity, weight, tobacco use, alcohol use, level of stress, socioeconomic status, genetics vitamins - organic=carbon water and fat soluble types vulnerable to degradation (light, heat, oxygen exposure) minerals - inorganic=no carbon includes electrolytes (K, Na, Cl) generally stable water - - helps chemical reactions take place in body - bathes outside of cells to allow transporting vital nutrients and oxygen to and removing waste products from cells - helps maintain body temperature - acts as a lubricant for joins, eyes, mouth, intestinal tract nutritional genomics - the study of ow specific components in food interact with the expression of your genes - genetic profile can be used to provide tailored nutrition/ lifestyle advice fiber - portion of plant foods that isn't digested in the small intestine - might fight diseases well balanced diet - - helps individuals meet all of nutrient needs and provides compounds that may help fight off chronic disease - supplements taken if meets are not met Americans are exceeding their needs for total calories - - saturated fats - sodium failing to meet needs such as vita E, calcium, fiber overweight - carrying extra weight on body related to height obesity - carrying an excessive amount of body fat above the level of being overweight scientific method - process of experimental steps scientists use to generate sound research findings 1) observe and ask a question 2) formulate a hypothesis 3) conduct an experiment 4) hypothesis supported OR not then revise hypothesis hypothesis - idea scientists generate as a t