Garantie de satisfaction à 100% Disponible immédiatement après paiement En ligne et en PDF Tu n'es attaché à rien
logo-home
Recherché précédemment par vous
Recherché précédemment par vous
logo
Applied science , biology , unit 8A - Musculoskeletal disorder €15,44
Ajouter au panier
Accédez rapidement à
Aperçu
  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
  4.  
  5. Applied Science 2016 NQF
  6.  
  7. Unit 8 - Physiology of Human Body Systems

Dissertation

Applied science , biology , unit 8A - Musculoskeletal disorder
 0 fois vendu
  • Cours
  • Unit 8 - Physiology of Human Body Systems
  • Établissement
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)

Looking for a surefire way to earn a distinction on your next assignment? Look no further than our assignment sheet, guaranteed to guide you to success. With clear instructions, helpful tips, and expert advice, our sheet is the key to unlocking your academic potential. Don't settle for less than a ...

[Montrer plus]

Aperçu 5 sur 39  pages

Infos sur le Document

  • 16 mars 2023
  • 39
  • 2022/2023
  • Dissertation
  • Inconnu
  • D

Sujets

  • unit 8 a
  • unit 8
  • learning aim a
  • applied science
  • biology
  • musculoskeletal disorders
  • unit 8a musculoskeletal disorders

École, étude et sujet

  • BTEC
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • Applied Science 2016 NQF
  • Unit 8 - Physiology of Human Body Systems
Tous les documents sur ce sujet (242)

Vendeur

avatar-seller
chiam

Avis reçus

Aperçu du contenu

2
Chiamaka Udoye



Musculoskeletal system

The musculoskeletal is your body’s central framework. It consists of bones and connective tissue,
including cartilages, tendons, and ligaments. It is also called the skeletal system. The skeletal system
supports the body and allow it to move. It composed of around 270 bones at birth but decrease to
206 bones by adulthood due to fusion of bones together.




The main parts of the musculoskeletal system

the skeletal system is divided into two parts: the axial and the appendicular system

The axial skeleton

This forms the longitudinal axis of the skeleton, which runs from head to feet. It consists of the
cranium with the mandible and maxilla, the vertebral column with it different types of vertebrae
(such as cervical, thorax, lumbar and intervertebral disc) plus the rib cage and sternum. It is made of
81 bones.




1

, 2
Chiamaka Udoye




The appendicular skeleton:

This is the part of the skeleton of the vertebrates consisting of bones supporting the appendages.
They are composed of bones of the lower and upper limb, together with the shoulder girdle and
pelvic girdle. The appendicular skeleton is made of 126 bones.




2

, 2
Chiamaka Udoye


What are bones made up from

Bones are made up of connective tissue with a framework protein called collagen and are reinforced
with mineral called calcium phosphate that makes the bone hard and strong. Bones store calcium
and release some into the bloodstream when it is needed by other parts of the body.

The periosteum

It is a membranous tissue that cover the surface of your bone. In the periosteum there are many
blood vessels, lymphatic vessel and nerve fibre which enter the bone tissue through a special canal.
The periosteum is made up of two distinct layers: the outer layer that consist of dense connective
tissue and the inner layer that consist of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.



The compact bone

The hard-external layer of all bone tissue is called compact bone also known as the cortical bone.
They are hard, heavy and have a smooth surface. They contain the yellow bone marrow and form a
protective shell around the spongy bone. It is covered by a periosteum from the outside. A good
example is all the long bone such as arm and legs. The compact bone is formed from a number of
osteons also known as the haversian system which are the fundamental unit of much of the compact
bone. Each osteon contains several different cells used for the maintenance of the bone which
include the osteocytes and the osteoblast. Inside each osteon houses a space which is called the
central canal which has the blood supply vessel and nerves. The compact bone is main structure for
support, protection and moment in the body and can also be used to store calcium and release it to
the body when needed. It can also supply strong mechanical lever against muscle which can create
movement. The compact bone accounts for 80% of the body weight.

The spongy bone

The spongy bone also known as the cancellous bone or trabecular bone, is an osseous tissue found
in the middle of the bone and it composed the inner layer of the bone. It is usually found in the at
the ends of long bones, the skull, the ribs, and the vertebrae with the compact bone surrounding it.
The spongy bone is softer, weaker, and more flexible than the compact bone. The primary unit of the
spongy bone is called the trabecular which forms the lattice-like matrix of the bone which houses the
red bone marrow and blood vessels. The blood vessel travel from the compact bone the spongy
bone with material used to create blood cell. Then spongy bone is composed of cells called the
osteocytes and are positions closed to the blood vessels so that they can take nutrients and expel
waste though a space called the canaliculi. The spongy bone is converted to a compact bone though
a process called the osteoblast which deposit new bone material around the matrix of the bone. The
spongy bone is used for more active function of the bone such as blood cell production and ion
exchange. It accounts for 20% of bone weight



The bone marrow

The bone marrow is a soft spongy tissue that is found in the centre of most bones. There are two
types of bone marrow which are the redbone marrow also known as the myeloid tissue and yellow
bone marrow also known as the fatty tissue. The red bone marrow consists a highly vascular fibrous
tissue which contain the hematopoietic stem cell that can become red blood cell, white blood cell


3

, 2
Chiamaka Udoye


and platelets. The yellow bone marrow is mostly made of fat and contain mesenchymal stem cell
that can become cartilages, fat, or bone cells.

Mineral use

When the protein in the cartilage matrix becomes ossified (turn to bone) if form crystal of mineral
calcium phosphate with magnesium, sodium, potassium ions that are deposited in the organic
collagen matrix. The mineral content found in bones gives it compressive strength while the collagen
fibre in the organic matrix gives it tensile strength. The calcium in bones can be used to store and
top of level of calcium ions in blood (for clotting) and muscles (for contraction)

Types of bones

Long bones: long bones are those that are longer than they are wider. The consist of a long tubular
shaft(diaphysis) and two bulky end (epiphyses) that are wider than the shaft. They are hard and
dense and provides structure and motility. This gives bones extra solidity at the joint where bones
articulate with one another they are mostly made of compact bone with spongy bone at the
epiphyses. Example are the tibia, femur, fibula, metatarsals, humerus, ulna. Etc




4

, 2
Chiamaka Udoye




Short bones: They are as long as they are wide. The structure it is to provide stability and some
movement with no loss of strength. It consists of spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone.
They are found in the wrist ankle and kneecap. Example are the lunate, scaphoid, trapezoid,
capitate, etc




5

Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.

L’achat facile et rapide

L’achat facile et rapide

Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.

Focus sur l’essentiel

Focus sur l’essentiel

Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.

Foire aux questions

Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?

Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.

Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?

Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.

Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?

Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur chiam. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.

Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?

Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €15,44. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.

Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?

4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)

71241 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours

Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 15 ans

Commencez à vendre!
€15,44
  • (0)
Ajouter au panier
Ajouté