Florida University: Chapter 1-11|NUR 3125 Med-surg exam 1
Chapter 1
ANA Nursing: the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering though the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the...
ANA Nursing: the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of
injury, facilitation of healing, alleviation of suffering though the diagnosis and treatment of
human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, groups, communities, and
populations
Florence nightingale: the goal of nursing is “to put patient in best condition for nature
to act upon him” Patient needs: vary depending on problems, circumstances, and past
experiences.
● Nurses identify patient’s immediate, ongoing, and long-term needs and work with
patient to address them
● Basic Needs: Maslow’s Hierarchy
○ Physiologic needs (food, water, shelter, warmth)
○ Safety and Security (security, order, law)
○ Belongingness and affection (family, social)
○ Esteem and self-respect (achievement)
○ Self actualization (meaning, growth)
● Wellness: being proactive and involves in self-care activities aimed towards a
state of physical, psychological and spiritual well being; four components
○ Capacity to perform at best of ability
○ Ability to adapt
○ Feeling of wellbeing
○ Feeling harmonious
Health: WHO- state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being; not merely the
absence of disease and infirmity
● Health is ever changing
● Health promotion: focuses on changing habits, lifestyle, and environment to reduce
risk and enhance health and well-being; promotes disease prevention, wellness, self-
care
○ Healthy people 2020: list of goals for the nation to improve health;
attempt to reduce or eliminate illness, disability, and premature death; 26
leading health indicators or goals
■ LHIs aimed at improving access to healthcare, improving environment,
preventative services, improving nutrition, etc
○ Technology: websites, chat groups, social media, computer tech, wearables
● Changing patterns: chronic diseases such as cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, and lung
diseases cause 7/10 of the leading causes of death; nearly half of all adults have a
diagnosed chronic condition, 60 million have 2 or more
● Major health concerns: tobacco use, substance abuse, poor physical activity and
, nutrition habits, obesity
Influences on Delivery of Healthcare
● Population demographics
○ Minorities triple in US by 2030
○ Five races, according to census: white, black, asian, native american, native
hawaiian or pacific islander
■ Asian race largest growth rate
■ Hispanics half of the population growth
○ Increasing number and proportion of older americans
● Sensitivity to cultural differences
○ Patients from diverse sociocultural groups bring various health care
beliefs, values, and practices to the healthcare setting
○ They also bring unique risk factors for some diseases and unique reactions
to treatment Technological advances
, ● Precision medicine: focuses on preventing and curing cancers, idifies unique
characteristics of individual persons to mine and analyze datasets and improve
treatment
● Health informatics: using health information technology (HIT) to improve quality,
efficiency, delivery of healthcare
○ Technology informatics guiding reform (TIGER): provides expert panel reports and
guidelines for incorporating HIT into nursing practice
○ International classification of diseases (ICD-WHO)” provides common
nomenclature and tracking of the incidence and prevalence of various
diseases globalls
○ EHR incentive program: use EHR by 2018 or face reductions in reimbursement
○ Telehealth: uses technology to deliver healthcare, information, or
education at a distance Providing Quality, safe, and evidence-based care
● Evidence based practice bundles measurably improve patient outcomes
● Institute of Medicine (IOM): To Err is Human report (2000) noted an alarming
breakdown in quality control and safety in the american healthcare system
○ 100,000 americans die annually from preventable errors
○ Follow up report Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001) envisioned reformed
system that is evidence-based, safe, effective, patient centered, timely,
efficient and equitable
○ Lead to ACA and pay performance measures (meeting or exceeding, cost
efficient and of best quality); aims for all americans to have access to quality,
affordable healthcare programs
● Triple aims of effective healthcare systems
○ Improve population health
○ Improve patient care experience
○ Reduce per capita costs
● TJC national patient safety goals
● QSEN Quality and Safety Education for Nurses: curriculum of knowledge, skills, and
attitudes that future nurses must learn
○ Patient centered care
○ Teamwork and collaboration
○ Evidence based practice
○ Safety
○ Informatics
● Coordinating care: seamless transitioning of care from hospital to community setting
improves patient’s health outcomes
○ Nurses: case management, clinical nurse
leaders Nursing Practice Today
● ANA policy statement: The depth and breadth in which individual registered nurses
, and advanced practice registered nurses engage in the total scope of nursing
practice is dependent on education, experience, role, and the population served
● Standards of practice: basic competencies in delivering nursing care and using the
nursing process
● Standards of Professional Performance/ Code of ethics: expectations for behavioral
competencies Medical Surgical nursing: provides services to patients from adolescence to
end of life in a variety of inpatient and outpatient clinical settings
Advanced nursing rolls/ Advanced practice registered nurses: have more education
and can treat and coordinate special patient care
● Certified nurse practitioners: practice autonomously in diagnosing, treating individual
patients with undifferentiated clinical manifestations and confirmed diagnoses; can
prescribe medications that are not restricted in nature
● Certified nurse midwives
● CRNAs
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