PHARM 180 WEEK 2 QUIZ REVIEW

PHARM 180 WEEK 2 QUIZ REVIEW● Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease ○ ulcer/erosion that occurs in esophagus, stomach, duodenum (most common area) ○ Forms when : mucosal layer breaks down, insufficient buffers in intestine to neutralize stomach, defective sphincter muscles (upper and lower) , hypermotility of stomach ○ Spicy, alco, nicotine use can put pt more at risk Histamine2-receptor antagonists – famotidine (Pepcid) ● Therapeutic use: Treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, heartburn and dyspepsia, GERD, aspiration pneumonitis ● Also treat hypersecretory dz: zollinger-ellison syndrome (increases production of gastric=increase production of histamine ○ Prototype: famotidine (pepcid) - Classification: Histamine H2 Antagonists ○ Pharmacological Action ■ block histamine receptors in the stomach that are responsible for secreting stomach acid. Increase pH ○ Complications ■ Impotence, gynecomastia, reduced libido, N/V/D, constipation, dizzy ■ may occur - confusion, arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia ○ Administration ■ Orally, intramuscularly, or IV ■ With or without food bc no difference in absorption, daily at bedtime ○ Interaction : No antacids potential decrease absorption of H2 antagonists. No smoking bc of decreased effectiveness ○ Nursing Considerations: ■ Avoid - smoking. alcohol, aspirin, monitor for GI irritation ○ Contraindications/ precautions ■ Use caution for older adults (lower dosage) and those w/ kidney, liver dysfunction, or porphyria, prego Proton pump inhibitors – omeprazole (Prilosec) ○ Therapeutic use : prevent and treat gastric and duodenal ulcers, prolonged dyspepsia, GERD, erosive esophagitis, hypersecretory dz - zollinger- ellison syndrome and systemic mastocytosis ■ Prototype: Omeprazole (Prilosec) - classification: PPI ■ Pharmacologic Action: inhibits hydrogen potassium ATPase enzyme system in the parietal cells of stomach, slows enzyme action of gastric acid produced. ■ Safety alert! - ● Risk for osteoporosis, pneumonia, rebound acid hypersecretion, C-diff (4-8 weeks) ● Short term: N/V/D, H/A ● Long-term therapeutic use w/ calcium and vitamin D, and hypomagnesemia - orally ■ Admin - orally once a day before 1st meal, do not crush, chew, or break delayed- release capsules , IV ■ Nurse consideration - consume lots of calcium and vitamin D to prevent bone loss, do not crush, chew SR/ER caps, report GI bleeding ■ contraindications/ precautions - do not take drug if hypersensitive ● Pt taking rilpivirine avoid ● Caution pt w/ liver dysfunction, pregnant, lactating Mucosal protectant – sucralfate (Carafate) ○ Therapeutic use: Treats acute duodenal ulcers Prototype -Sucralfate - Drug classification: Mucosal Protectant ○ Pharmacological Action - creating gel that protects ulcers and creates barriers between stomach and gastric secretions ○ Complications - may cause constipation in small % ○ interventions - monitor bowel functions