Constructie van gebouwen 1
Inhoudstafel
Inhoudstafel ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................... 5
Inhoud ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Situering .............................................................................................................................................. 5
H1: Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................. 6
Brand ................................................................................................................................................... 6
3 fasen van een brand......................................................................................................................... 6
Brandtypen ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Rook .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................... 7
Regelgeving en Eisen........................................................................................................................... 8
H2: Hout .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................... 8
Opbouw............................................................................................................................................... 8
Anisotropie.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Houtkwaliteit ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Eigenschappen .................................................................................................................................... 9
Vocht en hout ................................................................................................................................. 9
Vezelverzadiging ........................................................................................................................... 10
Duurzaamheidsklassen en gebruiksklassen .................................................................................. 10
Schadefenomenen ........................................................................................................................ 10
Sterkte en stijfheid ........................................................................................................................ 10
Drogen........................................................................................................................................... 11
Brandgedrag .................................................................................................................................. 11
Houtmodificatie ................................................................................................................................ 11
Plaatmaterialen ................................................................................................................................. 12
H3: Natuursteen.................................................................................................................................... 13
Mineralen .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Kwarts ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Veldspaten .................................................................................................................................... 13
Pyroxenen en amfibolen ............................................................................................................... 14
Glimmers ....................................................................................................................................... 14
, Kleimineralen ................................................................................................................................ 14
Calciet en Dolemiet ....................................................................................................................... 14
Indeling ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Stollingsgesteente: Dieptegesteenten .......................................................................................... 15
Stollingsgesteenten: Uitvloeiingsgesteenten................................................................................ 16
Afzettingsgesteenten/Sedimentaire gesteenten .......................................................................... 16
Mechanische sedimenten ......................................................................................................... 16
Chemische sedimenten ............................................................................................................. 16
Organische sedimenten ............................................................................................................ 17
Soorten Kalksteen ..................................................................................................................... 17
Metamorfe gesteenten ................................................................................................................. 18
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................... 18
H4: Kunststeen ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Gebakken kunststenen (baksteen) ................................................................................................... 19
Baksteen: productieproces ............................................................................................................... 19
Bakstenen: Eigenschappen ............................................................................................................... 19
Wateropname ............................................................................................................................... 19
Thermische geleidbaarheid........................................................................................................... 20
Druksterkte of Breukweerstand.................................................................................................... 20
Kalkuitslag en Uitbloeiing.............................................................................................................. 20
Verlijmt metselwerk ...................................................................................................................... 20
Gebakken weefsels ....................................................................................................................... 20
Lateien........................................................................................................................................... 21
Andere keramische producten ......................................................................................................... 21
Niet gebakken kunststeen ................................................................................................................ 22
Cellenbeton ................................................................................................................................... 22
Kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................................... 22
Gipsblokken................................................................................................................................... 23
H5: Metalen .......................................................................................................................................... 23
ijzerhoudende metalen ..................................................................................................................... 23
ijzerhoudende legeringen ................................................................................................................. 23
corrosie ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Weervast en roestvast staal.......................................................................................................... 24
Zink .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Galvanische corrosie ..................................................................................................................... 24
Zink als beschermlaag ................................................................................................................... 24
, Bladzink ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Koper ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Messing ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Aluminium ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Lood .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Titanium ............................................................................................................................................ 26
H6: Glas ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Primaire glassoorten ......................................................................................................................... 26
Secundaire glassoorten ..................................................................................................................... 27
Functies ............................................................................................................................................. 28
H7: Isolatie ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Akoestische isolatie........................................................................................................................... 30
Thermische isolatie ........................................................................................................................... 30
Grootheden en eenheden............................................................................................................. 30
Classificatie.................................................................................................................................... 30
Eigenschappen .............................................................................................................................. 31
Organische isolatie .................................................................................................................... 31
Anorganisch (minerale basis) .................................................................................................... 31
Synthetische basis (kunststof) .................................................................................................. 32
Isolerende bouwelementen ...................................................................................................... 33
Super isolerende elementen ..................................................................................................... 33
Plaatsing en keuze......................................................................................................................... 34
H8: Platte daken.................................................................................................................................... 35
Randvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................. 35
Dakopbouw ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Warm dak ...................................................................................................................................... 35
Omkeerdak.................................................................................................................................... 35
Tempratuursverloop ................................................................................................................. 35
Koud dak ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Isolatie onder vloer of hellingslaag ............................................................................................... 36
Vocht ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Dakvloer ............................................................................................................................................ 36
Afschot .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Uitvoering: ................................................................................................................................ 37
Dampscherm ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Keuze ............................................................................................................................................. 37
, Dakisolatie......................................................................................................................................... 38
Afdichtingsmaterialen (Bitumineus*) ............................................................................................... 38
Geblazen ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Polymeren ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Plastomeren .............................................................................................................................. 40
Elastomeren .............................................................................................................................. 40
Voorbeeld: .................................................................................................................................... 40
Schutlaag ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Aansluitingen .................................................................................................................................... 40
Inhoudstafel
Inhoudstafel ............................................................................................................................................ 1
Inleiding................................................................................................................................................... 5
Inhoud ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Situering .............................................................................................................................................. 5
H1: Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................. 6
Brand ................................................................................................................................................... 6
3 fasen van een brand......................................................................................................................... 6
Brandtypen ......................................................................................................................................... 6
Rook .................................................................................................................................................... 7
Brandveiligheid ................................................................................................................................... 7
Regelgeving en Eisen........................................................................................................................... 8
H2: Hout .................................................................................................................................................. 8
Inleiding............................................................................................................................................... 8
Opbouw............................................................................................................................................... 8
Anisotropie.......................................................................................................................................... 9
Houtkwaliteit ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Eigenschappen .................................................................................................................................... 9
Vocht en hout ................................................................................................................................. 9
Vezelverzadiging ........................................................................................................................... 10
Duurzaamheidsklassen en gebruiksklassen .................................................................................. 10
Schadefenomenen ........................................................................................................................ 10
Sterkte en stijfheid ........................................................................................................................ 10
Drogen........................................................................................................................................... 11
Brandgedrag .................................................................................................................................. 11
Houtmodificatie ................................................................................................................................ 11
Plaatmaterialen ................................................................................................................................. 12
H3: Natuursteen.................................................................................................................................... 13
Mineralen .......................................................................................................................................... 13
Kwarts ........................................................................................................................................... 13
Veldspaten .................................................................................................................................... 13
Pyroxenen en amfibolen ............................................................................................................... 14
Glimmers ....................................................................................................................................... 14
, Kleimineralen ................................................................................................................................ 14
Calciet en Dolemiet ....................................................................................................................... 14
Indeling ............................................................................................................................................. 15
Stollingsgesteente: Dieptegesteenten .......................................................................................... 15
Stollingsgesteenten: Uitvloeiingsgesteenten................................................................................ 16
Afzettingsgesteenten/Sedimentaire gesteenten .......................................................................... 16
Mechanische sedimenten ......................................................................................................... 16
Chemische sedimenten ............................................................................................................. 16
Organische sedimenten ............................................................................................................ 17
Soorten Kalksteen ..................................................................................................................... 17
Metamorfe gesteenten ................................................................................................................. 18
Overzicht ........................................................................................................................................... 18
H4: Kunststeen ...................................................................................................................................... 19
Gebakken kunststenen (baksteen) ................................................................................................... 19
Baksteen: productieproces ............................................................................................................... 19
Bakstenen: Eigenschappen ............................................................................................................... 19
Wateropname ............................................................................................................................... 19
Thermische geleidbaarheid........................................................................................................... 20
Druksterkte of Breukweerstand.................................................................................................... 20
Kalkuitslag en Uitbloeiing.............................................................................................................. 20
Verlijmt metselwerk ...................................................................................................................... 20
Gebakken weefsels ....................................................................................................................... 20
Lateien........................................................................................................................................... 21
Andere keramische producten ......................................................................................................... 21
Niet gebakken kunststeen ................................................................................................................ 22
Cellenbeton ................................................................................................................................... 22
Kalkzandsteen ............................................................................................................................... 22
Gipsblokken................................................................................................................................... 23
H5: Metalen .......................................................................................................................................... 23
ijzerhoudende metalen ..................................................................................................................... 23
ijzerhoudende legeringen ................................................................................................................. 23
corrosie ......................................................................................................................................... 23
Weervast en roestvast staal.......................................................................................................... 24
Zink .................................................................................................................................................... 24
Galvanische corrosie ..................................................................................................................... 24
Zink als beschermlaag ................................................................................................................... 24
, Bladzink ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Koper ................................................................................................................................................. 25
Messing ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Aluminium ......................................................................................................................................... 25
Lood .................................................................................................................................................. 25
Titanium ............................................................................................................................................ 26
H6: Glas ................................................................................................................................................. 26
Primaire glassoorten ......................................................................................................................... 26
Secundaire glassoorten ..................................................................................................................... 27
Functies ............................................................................................................................................. 28
H7: Isolatie ............................................................................................................................................ 30
Akoestische isolatie........................................................................................................................... 30
Thermische isolatie ........................................................................................................................... 30
Grootheden en eenheden............................................................................................................. 30
Classificatie.................................................................................................................................... 30
Eigenschappen .............................................................................................................................. 31
Organische isolatie .................................................................................................................... 31
Anorganisch (minerale basis) .................................................................................................... 31
Synthetische basis (kunststof) .................................................................................................. 32
Isolerende bouwelementen ...................................................................................................... 33
Super isolerende elementen ..................................................................................................... 33
Plaatsing en keuze......................................................................................................................... 34
H8: Platte daken.................................................................................................................................... 35
Randvoorwaarden............................................................................................................................. 35
Dakopbouw ....................................................................................................................................... 35
Warm dak ...................................................................................................................................... 35
Omkeerdak.................................................................................................................................... 35
Tempratuursverloop ................................................................................................................. 35
Koud dak ....................................................................................................................................... 36
Isolatie onder vloer of hellingslaag ............................................................................................... 36
Vocht ............................................................................................................................................. 36
Dakvloer ............................................................................................................................................ 36
Afschot .............................................................................................................................................. 36
Uitvoering: ................................................................................................................................ 37
Dampscherm ..................................................................................................................................... 37
Keuze ............................................................................................................................................. 37
, Dakisolatie......................................................................................................................................... 38
Afdichtingsmaterialen (Bitumineus*) ............................................................................................... 38
Geblazen ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Polymeren ..................................................................................................................................... 40
Plastomeren .............................................................................................................................. 40
Elastomeren .............................................................................................................................. 40
Voorbeeld: .................................................................................................................................... 40
Schutlaag ........................................................................................................................................... 40
Aansluitingen .................................................................................................................................... 40
