KPEERI Exam Prep #3 Answered 2023/2024- Questions and Answers

Regular Words - Answer Spelled how they sound. Phonetics - Answer Study of the characteristics of speech sounds in language Metacognition - Answer Awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes Irregular Words - Answer Must be memorized, because they are spelled in unexpected ways. (sight words) Rule Words - Answer Spelled the way they sound, but a letter might need to be doubled, dropped or changed. Etomology - Answer The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history. Précis - Answer Students own words of an author's message.(summary) Phonology - Answer System of rules and patterns that determine how sounds operate and how they are used in spoken language. Mnemonic strategies - Answer Strategies to improve memory of pattern of letters, ideas. Examples are: -Key words -Chunking -Rhyming -Visualizing Word Awareness - Answer Ability to determine how many words are in a spoken or written sentence. Phonemic Awareness - Answer Awareness of phonemes in spoken words -Identifying sounds in words -Segmenting (analytic) -Blending (synthetic) -Changing sound in words -Omitting sounds in words Executive Function - Answer Responsible for: -Paying Attention -Organizing and planning -Task management -Regulating emotions -Self-monitoring Syllable - Answer Speech unit May or may not carry meaning Working Memory - Answer Capacity to hold information for short periods of time while manipulating it. (crucial to executive function) Chall's 5 stages of reading - Answer 0. Pre-reading 1. Initial reading and decoding 2. confirmation/fluency 3. Reading for new learning 4. Reading multiple viewpoints 5. Construction and reconstruction Morpheme - Answer Smallest unit that carries meaning like; prefixes, suffixes, base or root words. May be a syllable, multiple syllables or part of a syllable.. Root - Answer A unit of meaning Reading Development Stage 0 - Answer Pre-reading -birth to Age 6 -developing oral language -beginning to recognize letters -recognizing that language is present in books Affix - Answer -suffix: added to the end of a base word -prefix: added to the beginning of a base word Reading Development Stage 1 - Answer Initial Reading and Decoding -grade 1 to beginning of grade 2 -learning high frequency words, better comprehension -learning how sounds in spoken words relate to print Affixes - Answer Are prefixes and suffixes added to base/root words Reading Development Stage 2 - Answer Confirmation, Fluency -grades 2-3, ages 7-8 -knowledge of letters and sounds -reading with fluency -reading for pleasure Grapheme - Answer Smallest unit of written language that represents a phoneme in the spelling of a word. Reading Development Stage 2 - Answer Reading for new learning -grades 4-8 Letter - Answer Symbol that represents a Grapheme (26 letters in the alphabet) Reading Development Stage 4 - Answer Reading multiple viewpoints -comprehension deepens -high school -grades 9-12, ages 14-18 Pragmatics - Answer -Social use of language. -How language is used to achieve goals. - Involves rules or conventions that vary from culture to culture. Hierarchy of Phonemic Awareness Skills - Answer 1. Sensitivity to rhyme (age 3) 2. Matching by alliteration and rhyme (age 4-5) 3. Partial phoneme segmentation (age 5) 4. Full phoneme segmentation (age 6) 5. Phoneme manipulation Reading Development Stage 5 - Answer Construction and Reconstruction -college and beyond -build knowledge from reading -reconstruct new knowledge Alliteration - Answer A literary element in which some or most words in a sentence have the same initial sound. Diagraph - Answer 2 letters that represent one sound Triagraph - Answer 3 letters that represent one sound Quadrigraph - Answer 4 letters that represent one sound Blend - Answer 2 or 3 consonants whose sounds flow smoothly together. (each letter represents its own sound) Accent - Answer Stress or emphasis on a one syllable word. Accented Syllable - Answer -the mouth opens wider -the voice is louder and higher -all one-syllable words are accented 6 Syllable types - Answer -closed -open -vowel-consonant-e -vowel pair -vowel-r -final stable syllable Closed syllable - Answer -ends in 1 + consonant -1 vowel -short vowel sound Derivational Morpheme - Answer Morpheme added to words that creates a new word. (makes it a different part of speech) Open syllable - Answer end in one vowel long vowel sound Inflectional Morpheme - Answer Morpheme added that shows tense, number, plural, or possessive. Comparative or superlative form of an adjective. (ed - s - er - 's) Chameleon Prefix - Answer Prefixes that can sound or be spelled differently depending on the first letter of the root word. The prefix becomes the chameleon "at-"; however, it still has the meaning of the prefix "ad-" (to or toward). Final Stable syllables - Answer End in consonant -le in final position of word. Stable because each part has a reliable pronunciation. (-ble, cle,dle, ple, tle,tion, sion, ture, age) Fluency Development - Answer 1st: slow, choppy reading 2nd: accuracy and automaticity 3rd: comprehension, self monitoring, expression Skilled Reading - Answer -Accurate -Fluent -Deep comprehension Orthography - Answer The way in which the words of a language are spelled. The rules of English spelling Skills necessary for fluent reading - Answer -Accurate decoding -Instant word recognition -Prosody Unbound (free) morpheme - Answer Smallest meaning linguistic unit Derivational Suffix - Answer Suffix that changes a base word to a different part of speech. Syllable Division Patters - Answer VCCV VCV VCCCV VV Layers of English - Answer 20-25% Anglo-Saxon Old English 60% Latin 10-12% Greek 3-5% Other languages Anglo-Saxon/Old English Words - Answer -Common Everyday Words (usually do not match spelling) -Consonant Pairs gn/kn/wr -Consonant Diagraphs sh/ch/th/wh -Compound Words -The Affixing of a Base Word -Words with Vowel Pairs Latin Origin Words - Answer -Roots or words that end in ct or pt -Chameleon Prefixes -The affixing of a root (as in "struct") -Letters s, c, t pronounced /sh/ -Schwa or the unstressed vowel sound Greek Origin Words - Answer -Consonant Cluster ph = /f/