Test bank pharmacology clear and simple a guide to drug classifications... file:///C:/Users/EliteBook%20840/Downloads/Test%20bank%20phar
TEST BANK
Pharmacology Clear and Simple:
A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations,
4th Edition by Cynthia J. Watkins Chapters 1 - 21
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Chapter 1. History of Pharmacology
Pharmacology Clear and Simple- A Guide to Drug Classifications and Dosage Calculations
4thEdition Watkins Test Bank
1. A nurse working in radiology administers iodine to a patient who is having a
computedtomography (CT) scan. The nurse working on the oncology unit
administers chemotherapy to patients who have cancer. At the Public Health
Department, a nurse administers a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine to a 14-
month-old child as a routine immunization. Which branch of pharmacology best
describes the actions of all three nurses?
A) Pharmacoeconomics
B) Pharmacotherapeutics
C) Pharmacodynamics
D) Pharmacokinetics
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Pharmacology is the study of the biologic effects of chemicals. Nurses are involved
with clinical pharmacology or pharmacotherapeutics, which is a branch of
pharmacology that deals with the uses of drugs to treat, prevent, and diagnose
disease.The radiology nurse is administering a drug to help diagnose a disease. The
oncology nurse is administering a drug to help treat a disease. Pharmacoeconomics
includes any costs involved in drug therapy. Pharmacodynamics involves how a
drug affects the body and pharmacokinetics is how the body acts on the body.
2. A physician has ordered intramuscular (IM) injections of morphine, a
narcotic, every 4 hours as needed for pain in a motor vehicle accident
victim. The nurse is aware this drug has a high abuse potential. Under
whatcategory would morphine be classified?
A) Schedule I
B) Schedule II
C) Schedule III
D) Schedule IV
ANSWER: B
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Feedback:
Narcotics with a high abuse potential are classified as Schedule II drugs
because of severe dependence liability. Schedule I drugs have high abuse
potential and no accepted medical use. Schedule III drugs have a lesser
abuse potential than II and an accepted medical use. Schedule IV drugs
havelow abuse potential and limited dependence liability.
3. When involved in phase III drug evaluation studies, what
responsibilitieswould the nurse have?
A) Working with animals who are given experimental drugs
B) Choosing appropriate patients to be involved in the drug study
C) Monitoring and observing patients closely for adverse effects
D) Conducting research to determine effectiveness of the drug
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
Phase III studies involve use of a drug in a vast clinical population in
whichpatients are asked to record any symptoms they experience while
taking thedrugs. Nurses may be responsible for helping collect and
analyze the information to be shared with the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) butwould not conduct research independently
because nurses do not prescribe medications. Use of animals in drug
testing is done in the preclinical trials. Select patients who are involved in
phase II studies to participate in studies where the participants have the
disease the drug is intended to treat. These patients are monitored closely
for drug action and adverse effects. Phase I studies involve healthy human
volunteers who are usually paid for their participation. Nurses may
observe for adverse effects and toxicity.
4. What concept is considered when generic drugs are substituted for
brandname drugs?
A) Bioavailability
B) Critical concentration
C) Distribution
D) Half-life
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
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Bioavailability is the portion of a dose of a drug that reaches the systemic
circulation and is available to act on body cells. Binders used in a generic
drug may not be the same as those used in the brand name drug.
Therefore, the way the body breaks down and uses the drug may differ,
which may eliminate a generic drug substitution. Critical concentration is
the amount ofa drug that is needed to cause a therapeutic effect and
should not differ between generic and brand name medications.
Distribution is the phase of pharmacokinetics, which involves the
movement of a drug to the bodys tissues and is the same in generic and
brand name drugs. A drugs half-life isthe time it takes for the amount of
drug to decrease to half the peak level, which should not change when
substituting a generic medication.
5. A nurse is assessing the patients home medication use. After listening to
thepatient list current medications, the nurse asks what priority
question?
A) Do you take any generic medications?
B) Are any of these medications orphan drugs?
C) Are these medications safe to take during pregnancy?
D) Do you take any over-the-counter medications?
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important for the nurse to specifically question use of over-the-
counter medications because patients may not consider them important.
The patient is unlikely to know the meaning of orphan drugs unless they
too are health care providers. Safety during pregnancy, use of a generic
medication, or classification of orphan drugs are things the patient would
be unable to answer but could be found in reference books if the nurse
wishes to researchthem.
6. After completing a course on pharmacology for nurses, what will the
nurseknow?
A) Everything necessary for safe and effective medication administration
B) Current pharmacologic therapy; the nurse will not require
ongoingeducation for 5 years.
C) General drug information; the nurse can consult a drug guide for
specificdrug information.
D) The drug actions that are associated with each classification
ofmedication
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
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After completing a pharmacology course nurses will have general drug
information needed for safe and effective medication administration but
willneed to consult a drug guide for specific drug information before
administering any medication. Pharmacology is constantly changing, with
new drugs entering the market and new uses for existing drugs identified.
Continuing education in pharmacology is essential to safe practice. Nurses
tend to become familiar with the medications they administer most often,
butthere will always be a need to research new drugs and also those the
nurse is not familiar with because no nurse knows all medications.
7. A nurse is instructing a pregnant patient concerning the potential risk to
her fetus from a Pregnancy Category B drug. What would the nurse
inform the patient?
A) Adequate studies in pregnant women have demonstrated there is no
riskto the fetus.
B) Animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus, but there
havebeen no adequate studies in pregnant women.
C) Animal studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, but there
areno adequate studies in pregnant women.
D) There is evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from
useof the drug may be acceptable despite potential risks.
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated a risk to
thefetus. However, there have not been adequate studies in pregnant
women to demonstrate risk to a fetus during the first trimester of
pregnancy and no evidence of risk in later trimesters. Category A
indicates that adequate studies in pregnant women have not
demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester or in later
trimesters. Category C indicates that animal studieshave shown an
adverse effect on the fetus, but no adequate studies in humans. Category
D reveals evidence of human fetal risk, but the potential benefits from
the use of the drugs in pregnant women may outweigh potential risks.
8. Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include
instructions on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment
bythe patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?
A) OTC drugs are safe and do not cause adverse effects if taken properly.
B) OTC drugs have been around for years and have not been tested by
theFood and Drug Administration (FDA).
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C) OTC drugs are different from any drugs available by prescription
andcost less.
D) OTC drugs could cause serious harm if not taken according to directions.
ANSWER: D
Feedback:
It is important to follow package directions because OTCs are
medications that can cause serious harm if not taken properly. OTCs are
drugs that havebeen determined to be safe when taken as directed;
however, all drugs can produce adverse effects even when taken
properly. They may have originally been prescription drugs that were
tested by the FDA or they mayhave been grandfathered in when the FDA
laws changed. OTC education should always be included as a part of the
hospital discharge instructions.
9. What would be the best source of drug information for a nurse?
A) Drug Facts and Comparisons
B) A nurses drug guide
C) A drug package insert
D) The Physicians Drug Reference (PDR)
ANSWER: B
Feedback:
A nurses drug guide provides nursing implications and patient teaching
points that are most useful to nurses in addition to need-to-know drug
information in a very user friendly organizational style.Lippincotts
NursingDrug Guide (LNDG) has drug monographs organized
alphabetically and includes nursing implications and patient teaching
points. Numerous other drug handbooks are also on the market and
readily available for nurses to use. Although other drug reference books
such as Drug Facts and Comparisons, PDR, and drug package inserts can
all provide essential druginformation, they will not contain nursing
implications and teaching points and can be more difficult to use than
nurses drug guides.
10. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication from a multidose
bottle. The label is torn and soiled but the name of the medication is still
readable.What is the nurses priority action?
A) Discard the entire bottle and contents and obtain a new bottle.
B) Find the drug information and create a new label for the bottle.
C) Ask another nurse to verify the contents of the bottle.
D) Administer the medication if the name of the drug can be clearly read.
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ANSWER: A
Feedback:
When the drug label is soiled obscuring some information the safest
action by the nurse is to discard the bottle and contents because drug
labels containa great deal of important information, far more than just
the name of the drug. Concentration of the drug, expiration date,
administration directions, and precautions may be missing from the label
and so put the patient at risk.Looking up drug information in a drug
handbook or consulting with anothernurse will not supply the expiration
date or concentration of medication. Be safe and discard the bottle and its
contents.
11. What aspect of pharmacology does a nurse study? (Select all that apply.)
A) Chemical pharmacology
B) Molecular pharmacology
C) Impact of drugs on the body
D) The bodys response to a drug
E) Adverse and anticipated drug effects
ANSWER: C, D, E
Feedback:
Nurses study pharmacology from a pharmacotherapeutic level, which
includes the effect of drugs on the body, the bodys response to drugs, and
both expected and unexpected drug effects. Chemical and molecular
pharmacology (Options A and B) are not included in nursing
pharmacologycourses.
12. The nurse, providing patient teaching about home medication use to an
olderadult, explains that even when drugs are taken properly they can
produce negative or unexpected effects. What are these negative or
unexpected effects called?
A) Teratogenic effects
B) Toxic effects
C) Adverse effects
D) Therapeutic effects
ANSWER: C
Feedback:
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Negative or unexpected effects are known as adverse or side effects.
Teratogenic effects are adverse effects on the fetus and not a likely
concernfor an older adult. Toxic effects occur when medication is taken
in larger than recommended dosages caused by an increase in serum
drug levels.
Therapeutic effects are the desired actions for which the medication is
prescribed.
13. After administering a medication, for what would the nurse assess
thepatient?
A) Drug effects
B) Allergies
C) Pregnancy
D) Preexisting conditions
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
After the medication is administered, the nurse assesses the patient for drug
affects, both therapeutic and adverse. The nurse would assess the patient for
allergies, preexisting conditions, and pregnancy before administering a
medication.
14. The nurse receives an order to administer an unfamiliar medication and
obtains a nurses drug guide published four years earlier. What is the
nursesmost prudent action?
A) Find a more recent reference source.
B) Use the guide if the drug is listed.
C) Ask another nurse for drug information.
D) Verify the information in the guide with the pharmacist.
ANSWER: A
Feedback:
The nurse is responsible for all medications administered and must find a
recent reference source to ensure the information learned about the
medication is correct and current. Using an older drug guide could be
dangerous because it would not contain the most up-to-date information.
Asking another nurse or the pharmacist does not guarantee accurate
information will be obtained and could harm the patient if the
information iswrong.
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