1) In option 1 your response to each
question should be in the form of an
academic essay. Revise the guidelines on the
structure of such an
essay.
Although the question refers to
Chilisa, it would beimportant to
consult the other two prescribed
texts as well. There are also a
...
Question1
digenous Methodologies and Although the question refers to Chilisa, it would be
important to consult the other two prescribed texts as well. There are also a couple of
texts in‘Additional Resources’ you may want to consult. Feel free to find your own
resources in addition to these. Your account of methodologies and philosophies must
reflect your own understanding which does not consist of merely a collection of phrases
from the sources.In the first part of your response you should explain the main aspects of
indigenous methodologies and philosophies in research.
The concept ‘methodology’ does not only refer to the methods researchers use (see LU 6)
but also to the underlying assumptions and the reasons why these methods are used
related to the paradigm and research design. You will find an identification and discussion
of various researchmethods in the texts such as Smith
Chapter 8. Select a couple (maximum 4) methods you want to focus on and explain why
these methods areappropriate in indigenous research.The philosophies refer to the beliefs
about the nature of reality (ontology), of knowledge (epistemology) and of the relevant
values (axiology). UseScotland to provide you with an orientation to these elements
Answer
Indigenous methodologies and philosophies encompass unique approaches to research
that are grounded in the cultural and epistemological perspectives of Indigenous
communities. These methodologies prioritize the inclusion and participation of Indigenous
peoples in the research process, centering their knowledge systems, values, and
worldviews. It is important to note that Indigenous methodologies are not monolithic and
vary across different cultures and contexts. However, there are some common aspects
that can be identified.
One of the main aspects of indigenous methodologies is the emphasis on relationality and
interconnectedness. Indigenous research recognizes that everything in the world is
interconnected, including humans, nature, and spirituality. Research is seen as a
collaborative endeavor that acknowledges the relationships between the researcher, the
community, and the environment. Indigenous methodologies often involve community
engagement, knowledge sharing, and reciprocity, with an aim to benefit the community
and maintain harmonious relationships.
Another important aspect is the recognition of the oral tradition and storytelling as valid
forms of knowledge transmission. Indigenous research methods often involve oral histories,
narratives, and storytelling as ways of gathering and conveying knowledge. This approach
values lived experiences and emphasizes the importance of context and personal
connections.
Furthermore, Indigenous methodologies highlight the importance of cultural protocols and
ethics. Research conducted in Indigenous communities must adhere to cultural protocols,
respect traditional knowledge systems, and ensure informed consent and confidentiality.
Indigenous researchers often prioritize the well-being and self-determination of their
communities and strive for research that is empowering, respectful, and transformative.
When considering specific research methods within indigenous methodologies, several
approaches can be relevant. Firstly, participatory action research (PAR) is frequently
employed. PAR involves collaboration between researchers and the community, with the
aim of addressing social issues and promoting positive change. This method is appropriate
because it aligns with indigenous values of collective decision-making, community
involvement, and self-determination.
Secondly, Indigenous storytelling and narrative methods are integral to research. These
, methods allow individuals to share their experiences, perspectives, and knowledge
through oral traditions, storytelling, and personal narratives. Such approaches respect
indigenous ways of knowing and provide a platform for marginalized voices to be heard.
Thirdly, community-based research is often utilized. This approach recognizes the
importance of community engagement, involvement, and ownership in the research
process. It seeks to address the needs and priorities identified by the community and
promotes collaboration between researchers and community members.
Lastly, decolonizing methodologies are also relevant within indigenous research.
Decolonizing methodologies challenge and critique the dominant Western paradigms and
power structures in research. They aim to restore and revitalize indigenous knowledge
systems, challenge oppressive research practices, and promote self-determination and
cultural resurgence.
In terms of philosophies, indigenous research methodologies are underpinned by specific
beliefs. Ontologically, indigenous philosophies view reality as interconnected and holistic,
emphasizing the relationships between humans, nature, and the spiritual world.
Epistemologically, indigenous philosophies value experiential and embodied knowledge,
as well as oral traditions and storytelling. Axiologically, indigenous research values respect,
reciprocity, relationality, and the well-being of individuals and communities.
To summarize, indigenous methodologies and philosophies in research prioritize the
inclusion and participation of Indigenous peoples, emphasize relationality and
interconnectedness, value oral traditions and storytelling, adhere to cultural protocols, and
promote self-determination and transformative change. They encompass a range of
research methods such as participatory action research, storytelling, community-based
research, and decolonizing methodologies. These approaches reflect the ontological,
epistemological, and axiological foundations of indigenous philosophies, which
acknowledge the interconnections between humans, nature, and spirituality and prioritize
respect, reciprocity, and holistic well-being.
Question 2
From a feminist perspective, the issue of violence against girls in schools is seen as a
manifestation of patriarchal power structures and the normative expectations of
masculinity. Feminism aims to critique and challenge these power imbalances in order to
achieve gender equality and justice.
Feminism recognizes that violence against girls in schools is not just a result of individual
actions, but is deeply rooted in societal norms and structures that perpetuate gender
inequality. It seeks to empower girls who are marginalized and oppressed by providing
them with a platform to name and address the injustices they face.
By intervening in the existing power relations, feminism aims to promote equality and
justice for girls in schools. This involves challenging the patriarchal norms that perpetuate
violence and discrimination, as well as advocating for policies and practices that ensure
the safety and well-being of girls in educational settings.
Overall, feminism provides a critical lens through which to understand and address the
issue of violence against girls in schools, with the ultimate goal of transforming unequal
power relations and creating a more equitable and inclusive society.
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