Uitwerkingen - Introduction to International and EU Law
Samenvatting - Introduction to International and EU Law
Samenvatting International and European Law (uitwerking problemen + hoorcolleges)
Tout pour ce livre (16)
École, étude et sujet
Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam (EUR)
Criminologie
Introduction to International and European Union Law (RR116)
Tous les documents sur ce sujet (32)
Vendeur
S'abonner
evaverkoren0
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Weblecture 2 – Introduction to International and European Union Law
The sources of international law:
Absence of a centralized legal system.
Absence of a universal parliament.
Lack of a compulsory judiciary body.
Absence of a hierarchy of norms.
Article 38 of the ICJ Statute: not exhaustive:
Conventions (i.e. treaties = agreements). The States that are party of it will be bound by the rules.
International customary law.
General principles of international law.
Judicial decisions and teachings (subsidiary means).
What about unilateral statements? And soft law?
What is customary international law?
Not as detailed as treaty, yet regulating many aspects of the interrelationships of States.
Requires two elements:
The objective element: State practice. The behaviour of States.
The subjective element: The belief this practice is legally binding (opinion iuris).
State practice:
Consistent repetition of certain behaviour that is either physical or (publicly) verbal (although mere
statements are controversial): expropriating foreign property or seizing foreign vessels / or legal
practice: prosecute violators of certain (international) crime and domestic law decisions.
Characteristics:
General consistency.
Duration not necessarily relevant.
Generality -> NOT unanimity, yet it should include the majority of States*.
Can States object to an emerging rule of international law? -> understanding the role of the
persistent objector and its limits. Cannot object against peremptory rules, they have a
fundamental value.
*North Sea Continental Shelf (ICJ): the practice of those States whose interests are especially affected
is particularly relevant (yet not exclusively so!).
Opinion iuris sive necessitatis:
State practice has to be accepted as law is not politically expedient behaviour or etiquette.
Difficulties in identifying this element.
Examples: enacting a law, concluding a treaty, even resolutions adopted by international organizations
can be considered as reflecting opinion iuris.
Violating customary international law or creating a new norm?*
Courts will look for the opinion iuris when the state practice is not that clear.
*Nicaragua (ICJ): if a State defends its breach appealing to exceptions or justifications, then it will
confirm and not weaken the rule.
General principles of law and judicial decisions:
General principles:
Relied upon in case treaty or customary international law do not provide an answer to the dispute
(yet the ICJ has never relied solely on general principles to resolve disputes).
General principles guiding the application of international law or regulating the interaction among
legal norms.
Judicial decisions:
Only subsidiary sources of law. Not law creating, but in practice the ICJ sometimes creates law.
No stare decisis.
Significant interpretative value.
The exception(s) to the absence of hierarchy in customary international law:
Peremptory norms (ius cogens) -> art. 53 VCLT: no derogation permitted.
Obligations erga omnes: owed to the international Community as a whole -> a breach of such an
obligation can be invoked by all States (art. 48 ARSIWA).
Obligations under the UN Charter (art. 103 & art. 25) -> limits? All States have to comply with these
rules. The resolutions of the UN Charter may not violate peremptory norms.
Unilateral statements:
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur evaverkoren0. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €3,49. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.