This document is a 2 1/2 page summary of offender profiling within psychology. It describes the main explanations found, with the main evaluation points. These singular pages are perfect for exam season and to boost your knowledge.
offender profiling
Offender profiling is an
investigative toocused by DISORGANISED SCENE
the police to narrow down the field of equity. Spontaneous
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It is based on the idea that the characteristics of Victim-known by offender
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offender can be deduced from the characteristics Little control
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an
the offence and the particular
of information ofthe
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Sexualacts before death
crime scene. Body hidden or at crime scene
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not left
Profilers work alongside the police, particularly Evidence present
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during high profile murder cases.
DISORGANISED MURDERER
TOP-DOLN APPROACH -
Less-than-average IQ.
The top-down approach was developed in the US
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Unskilled Uncontrolled
Living alone
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and proposes that evidence from the crime scene can
compared previous crimes to predictfuture Lives near crime
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be to
crimes. socially
a sexually incompetent
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36 convicted offenders (25
serial killers and 11 (instable
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single/double murderers) were interviewed in-depth, Youngestchild
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including Ted Bundy andCharles Manson. This led Hard discipline as child
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to the organised/disorganised Alcohol used
not during crime
typology approach.
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Doesn't follow crime on
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the news
ORGANISED CRIME
SCENE -
Major behaviour change after crime.
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Planned
CONSTRUCTING A PROFILE
Victim-targeted stranger
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control
including restraints, controlled talk.
1) Data Assimilation -
This involves putting
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Aggression before death. together crime scene photos, police and pathology
Body hidden or moved from the crimescene. reports.
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weapon or evidence absent. 2) Crime scene classification -
into either
organised or disorganised.
ORGANISED MURDERER 3)Crime Reconstruction -
where hypotheses are
IQ. victim behaviour and crime
formed about
More-than-average
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skilled & controlled consequence.
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Living with partner 4) Profile Generation -
where hypotheses are
Mobile (is able to travel
by car) formed including demographics, physical
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Socially &
Sexually competent characteristics, behavioural habits etc.
Inconsistentdiscipline as child.
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a
Use of alcohol during crime. The
x approach only works well in explaining crimes
-
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follows crime on the news. such as rape, arson, murders,etc. where there's a lot
Limited
change in behaviour after crime. evidence.I, However!
of
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Meketa(2017) -
Top down approach recently been
has
~ Canter et al. analysed the details of
100 appliedto burglary. Solved cases has increased by
murderers against39 typical characteristics 85% in 3 states ((IS).
organised, disorganised offenders, finding
of
evidence for the organised. NOT DISORGANISED!X The approach is based on the idea that behaviour and
motivations remain constantacross situations and different
x
The typologies/organised/disorganised) are context. -
Modern theories oppose this and suggest
that
based on an extremely small sample size of the
typology approach is outdated. (Alison al.
et 2002)
only 36 convicted killers.
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