Test Bank for Davis Advantage for Pathophysiology Introductory Concepts and Clinical Perspectives 2nd Edition By Theresa M Capriotti Chapter 1-46 Complete Guide A+

1. Gangrene 2. Infarction 3. Necrosis 4. Apoptosis NURSINGTB.COM 11. A client comes in with persistently uncontrolled hypertension. The nurse informs the client’s spouse that one of the consequences of prolonged raised blood pressure is a weakened area in the wall of the cerebral artery, located on the circle of Willis. Which condition fits the nurse’s description? 1. Xanthelasma 2. Infarction 3. Berry aneurysm 4. Ischemia 12. During an endoscopic examination on a client, it is found that the client has acid reflux. Which condition associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) warrants close monitoring and aggressive treatment? 1. Peptic ulcer disease 2. Malabsorption syndrome 3. Barrett’s esophagus 4. Hiatal hernia 13. A preschool-age patient is diagnosed with leukemia. Health-care providers recommend regenerative medicine stem cell therapy. The client’s parent states, “I can’t agree to the sacrifice of an unborn child for the benefit of my child.” Which information would the nurse share with the parent? Med C 1. Stem cells are also available from bone marrow. 2. There is no other source of stem cells available. 3. Banking umbilical cord blood after birth is critical. 4. Chemotherapy is an equally effective treatment. 14. A client has an abnormal thickening of the lining of the uterus due to an increase in estrogen levels. How can such a condition be reversed? 1. Restoration of blood circulation 2. Treatment with hormone therapy 3. Complete surgical hysterectomy 4. By becoming pregnant 15. The nurse is providing care for a client who recently had a skin lesion surgically removed. Which information in the histology report indicates the lesion is malignant? 1. Examined cells are poorly differentiated. 2. Cells present with orderly architecture. 3. Edges of the specimen are unaffected. 4. Specimen contains well-differentiated cells. 16. A genetically programmed cell death is a process that can destroy cells that are no longer needed. Which term applies to this biological process? 1. Atrophy 2. Apoptosis 3. Hypertrophy 4.Neoplasia NURSINGTB.COM 17. Which is the most prevalent method to replace permanently injured tissues and organs? 1. Stem cell restoration 2. Therapeutic cloning 3. Reproductive cloning 4. Transplantation 18. The nurse is providing care for a client experiencing hypoxia related to lung disease. The client reports extreme fatigue and weakness. Which pathological condition does the nurse suspect to be occurring at a cellular level? 1. An overabundance of extracellular sodium 2. Lack of ability to produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 3. Overfunctioning of the sodium–potassium pump 4. Water leaves the cells causing cellular dehydration 19. A client with a history of hypertension is noncompliant about taking antihypertensive drugs. The client states, “So what’s the big deal?” Which condition does the nurse identify as the worst-case scenario? 1. Persistent headaches 2. Elevated risk of aneurysm 3. Possible cardiac hypertrophy 4. Interrupted circulation from plaque 20. Which condition describes the increase in size of a weightlifter’s muscles? N U R S IN G T B . C O M Med C 1. Hypertrophy 2. Metaplasia 3. Atrophy 4. Dysplasia 21. A client reports an itchy, bumpy scar around an old wound that is identified as a keloid. Which term best describes this condition? 1. Neoplasia 2. Hyperplasia 3. Dysplasia 4. Metaplasia Multiple Response Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question. 22. Which vitamins are fat soluble? Select all that apply. 1. Vitamin A 2. Vitamin C 3. Vitamin D 4. Vitamin K 5. Vitamin B6 23. At which time does physiological apoptosis occur? Select all that apply. 1. During the embryonic d ev e lo pm en t of t he h a nd 2. During menopause in female adult ovaries 3. When cells die because of stressors 4. When cells have completed their function and need elimination 5. When the liver gets exposed to excessive amounts of alcohol 24. Which components of the serum level should be measured to confirm myocardial infarction? Select all that apply. 1. Epinephrine 2. Troponin 3. Lysosomal enzyme 4. Acetylcholine 5. CPKmb 25. A client is being treated for atherosclerosis. Which options are directly detrimental to the client’s condition? Select all that apply. 1. Depletion of endothelial nitric oxide 2. Helicobacter pylori infection 3. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) deposition 4. Inflammatory changes of the endothelium 5. Acid reflux Med C Chapter 2, Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: 1 Chapter: Chapter 2, Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes Objective: List common cellular adaptations and maladaptations that occur in the body. Page: 10 Heading: Basic Concepts of Cellular InjuryCauses of Cell InjuryFree Radical Injury Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Cognitive Level: Application [Applying] Concept: Cellular Regulation Difficulty: Moderate Feedback 1 This is correct. Oxidative stress is a form of cell injury that occurs when free radical generation exceeds the mechanisms of removal. Oxidative stress commonly occurs in cells that undergo transient ischemia and subsequent resumption of circulation. 2 This is incorrect. Hormonal stimulation of hyperplasia occurs in pregnancy. It occurs when estrogen sN tiU mR uS laI tioN nG rT esB u. ltsC iO n M mitotic division of breast gland cells. 3 This is incorrect. Ischemic reperfusion injury occurs when a blood clot obstructs a coronary artery and results in cardiac muscle ischemia. 4 This is incorrect. Atrophy occurs when a cell’s environment cannot support its metabolic requirements. The smaller size of the cells allows for less metabolic demand and more efficient functioning that is compatible with survival. PTS: 1 CON: Cellular Regulation 2. ANS: 2 Chapter: Chapter 2, Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes Objective: Explain endothelial injury, ischemic tissue damage, and infarction of tissue. Page: 15 Heading: Basic Concepts of Cellular InjuryCauses of Cell InjuryHypoxic Cell Injury Integrated Processes: Nursing Process Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Cognitive Level: Applying [Application] Concept: Oxygenation Difficulty: Moderate Feedback 1 This is incorrect. Organelles are a number of specialized structures within a living cell. Prolonged stress can cause irreversible cell damage resulting in organelle disruption