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Estimating in Building Construction 9th Edition By Steven Peterson, Frank Dagostino (Solution Manual)

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Estimating in Building Construction, 9e Steven Peterson, Frank Dagostino (Solution Manual) Estimating in Building Construction, 9e Steven Peterson, Frank Dagostino (Solution Manual)

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  • 15 août 2023
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Instructor’s Manual

for



ESTIMATING IN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
Ninth Edition
Steven J. Peterson



Frank R. Dagostino

,Chapter 1 6
Introduction to Estimating


Chapter 1—Introduction to Estimating

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Gain an overall picture of estimating including the difference types of estimates, the careers available to
estimators, what it takes to be a successful estimator, and what comprises the contract documents on which
the estimate is based.


ACTIVITIES

1. Invite an estimator from industry to discuss his or her job with the students. Have him or her answer
the following questions:
• How does he or she go about estimating a project?
• What are the different types of estimating method he or she uses?
• What roll does estimating play in the success of his or her company?
• What does it take to be a successful estimator?
Encourage them to tell estimating related stories.

2. Discuss Problems 11 and 12 from the chapter.


INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

PowerPoint Slides: Chapter 01.ppt


SOLUTIONS TO THE REVIEW QUESTIONS

1. What information is contained in the working drawings?

The working drawings are the actual plans (drawings, illustrations) from which the project will be
constructed. Those drawings contain the dimensions and locations of building elements, the
materials required, and delineate how they fit together.

2. What information is contained in the technical specifications?

The technical specifications are written instructions concerning project requirements that describe
the quality of materials to be used and their performance.

3. What is the relationship between the working drawings and the technical specifications?

The working drawings usually contain information relative to design, location, dimensions, and
construction of the project, while the technical specifications are a written supplement to the
drawings and include detailed information pertaining to materials and workmanship.

4. How does the work involved in being an estimator for a general contractor differ from that of an
estimator who works for a subcontractor?

The estimator for the general contractor is responsible for a detailed estimate for the whole project.
They must compile costs on everything that is integrated into the project and put it together into a
bid for the entire project. An estimator for a subcontractor will prepare an estimate only for the part

,Chapter 1 7
Introduction to Estimating

of the project for which they will be involved. For example they may be bidding only the masonry
on the project.

5. What is the difference between doing a quantity takeoff and doing a full detailed estimate?

A quantity takeoff (QTO) is an estimate of the amount of in place materials required for the
construction of a project. A full detailed estimate is an estimate that covers everything required for
the construction of the project and includes both costs and quantities for materials, labor, and
equipment and subcontractor costs.

6. What additional skills must the estimator have to be able to take a quantity survey and turn it into a
detailed estimate?

a. Be able, from looking at the drawings, to visualize the project through its various phases of
construction.

b. Have enough construction experience to possess a good knowledge of job conditions, including
methods of handling materials on the job, the most economical methods of construction, and
labor productivity.

c. Have sufficient knowledge of labor operations and productivity to thus convert them into costs
on a project.

d. Be able to keep a database of information on costs of all kinds, including those of labor,
material, project overhead, and equipment, as well as knowledge of the availability of all the
required items.

e. Be computer literate and know how to manipulate and build various databases and use
spreadsheet programs and other estimating software.

f. Be able to meet bid deadlines and still remain calm. Even in the rush of last-minute phone calls
and the competitive feeling that seems to electrify the atmosphere just before the bids are due,
estimators must “keep their cool.”

g. Have good writing and presentation skills.

7. What is the difference between competitive and negotiated bidding?

Competitive bidding involves each contractor submitting a bid in competition with other contractors
to build the project. In most cases the lowest bidder is awarded the contract to build the project as
long as the bid form and proper procedures have been followed and the contractor is able to attain
the required bonds and insurance. Negotiated bidding involves the contractor working with the
owner (or through the owner's architect-engineer) to arrive at a mutually acceptable price for the
construction of the project. It often involves negotiations back and forth on materials used, sizes,
finishes, and other items which affect the price of the project.

8. What is the difference between a detailed estimate and a square-foot estimate?

The detailed estimate includes determination of the quantities and costs of everything required to
complete the project. This includes the materials, labor, equipment, insurance, bonds, and overhead,
as well as an estimate of profit. Square-foot estimates are prepared by multiplying the square
footage of a building by a cost per square foot and then adjusting the price to compensate for
differences in the building heights, length of the building perimeter, and other building components.
Square-foot estimates require less information to prepare and are less accurate.

9. What are the contract documents, and why are they so important?

, Chapter 1 8
Introduction to Estimating


The contract documents consist of the invitation to bid, instructions to bidders, bid form, owner-
contractor agreement, general conditions of the contract, supplementary general conditions,
technical specifications, and the working drawings, including all addenda incorporated in the
documents before their execution. All of these taken together form the contract. These documents
provide the legal basis for the construction of the project.

10. Why is it important to bid only from a full set of contract documents?

It is important to bid from a full set of contract documents to be certain you have all of the required
information. If part of the documents are missing that portion of the project would most likely be
left out of the bid. Errors of omission can be catastrophic for a contractor.

11. For this assignment you will explore the role estimating plays in the construction industry by
interviewing a person whose job duties include estimating. Begin by setting up an interview with an
estimator, project manager, project engineer, superintendent, foreperson, architect, engineer,
construction material salesperson, or freelance estimator. During the interview, ask the person the
following questions and ask follow-up questions as necessary. Be respectful of their time and limit
your interview to 20 minutes, unless the person offers to extend the interview. Be sure to thank the
person before you leave and mail them a thank you note within 48 hours of the interview. After the
interview, prepare written responses to the following questions and be prepared to discuss your
findings in class, if your instructor chooses to do so:
a. What are the estimates used for (ordering materials, preliminary budget, etc.)?
b. At what stage of the construction process (early-design, late-design, bidding, construction, etc.)
does the estimate occur?
c. What are the consequences if the estimate is slightly wrong? If it is very wrong?
d. How do they prepare an estimate? After the interview, decide which estimating method
(detailed, assembly, square-foot, parametric, model, or project comparison) best describes the
type of estimates he or she prepared.
e. How long does it take to prepare an estimate?
f. What skills are required to become a good estimator?
g. What experience is required to get a job like his or hers?

The answers to these questions will vary from interviewee to interviewee.

12. Review a copy of the contract documents (drawings and project manual) for a construction project.
Contact documents may be reviewed at a contractor’s, subcontractor’s, architect’s, or engineer’s
office or may be downloaded from the Internet. Write a brief summary of how the contract
documents are organized. Be sure to discuss both the project manual and the drawings. Be prepared
to discuss your findings in class, if your instructor chooses to do so.

The answers to this question will vary from project to project.

13. Using the Warehouse.xls Excel file that accompanies this text, determine the estimated cost of a
warehouse with the following parameters:
Building length—210 feet
Number of bays on the length side of the building—7 each
Building width—120 feet
Number of bays on the width of the building—4 each
Wall height above grade—22 feet
Depth to top of footing—12 inches
Floor slab—6 inches thick with wire mesh
Number of roof hatches—2 each
Number of personnel doors—4 each
Number of 14-foot-wide by 14-foot-high overhead doors—14 each
Number of 4-foot by 4-foot skylights—28 each

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