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Events in Indochina

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  • 28 août 2023
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Topic 3- Indochina 1945-67
Background/context
-From 1867 France ruled Vietnam, Cambodia & Laos
-France ruled for political reasons (power & influence in Asia) + economic reasons
(access to raw materials-> rubber, metal ores- use raw materials for manufacturing
& set up trade links)
-Most of French left region in WW2 to fight Nazis back home
-Japan invaded & left in 1945 then French returned
-French divided region into 4 areas-> ruled 1 area directly- Cochin China included
South Vietnam (Saigon)-> led to westernized culture {Paris of the Orient} -> French
culture, language tradition-> increased resistance
-French exploited the workers to get raw materials-> increased opposition and
resistance to the French + little economic growth in most places especially non-
Cochin areas.


Which was more important for the defeat of France in Indochina?
 Strengths of Viet Minh
 Weaknesses of French

STRENGTH OF VM WEAKNESS OF FRENCH
P= The strength of the VM was more P= Weakness of French also
important for the defeat of France contributed to their defeat
E= VM was led by HCM and possessed E= French faced multiple challenges,
several strengths which contributed to including a lack of clear objectives and
their success a consistent strategy in dealing with the
-Strong ideological foundation, based Vietnamese resistance
on nationalism & communism-> helped -French military tactics were often not
mobilize and unite large sections of the suited to the Guerilla warfare tactics
Vietnamese population against the adopted by the VM
French colonial rule-> VM ability to gain -French struggled with internal divisions
support from peasants and gain active and the issue of colonial overstretch->
participation in the resistance they were engaged in multiple conflicts
movement was vital in their fight around the world
against the French -French faced logistical challenges->
-VM had effective leadership & military difficulty of maintaining a supply line to
strategies-> HCM was a skilled leader their forces in Indochina + difficult
who provided a clear vision and terrain combined with VM ability to
direction to the movement + General disrupt French supply lines posed
Giap was a brilliant military strategist significant logistical hurdle that
who successfully employed Guerilla weakened the French
warfare tactics against the French
forces-> VM ability to adapt to

, challenging environment of Indochina,
use hit-and-run tactics and exploit
knowledge of their environment gave
them a considerable advantage over
the French
-VM enjoyed external support-> China
+ USSR-> provided military assistance,
supplies and training to VM which
bolstered their strength-> important in
shifting France’s military superiority
Conclusion
-Although the French contributed to their defeat it was the strength of VM that
defeated them
-VM ideological appeal, effective leadership, military strategies, popular support,
external support-> combined created a force too powerful for the French to defend


Which was more important for the involvement of USA in Vietnam war?
 Battle of Dien Bien Phu
 Gulf of Tonkin incident

DBP GoT
P= Battle of DBP could be considered P= GoT more important
as more important for the US’ E= GoT incident occurred in 1964 when
involvement in the Vietnam war the USS Maddox (US naval vessel)
E= Battle of DBP took place in 1954-> reported being attacked by NV patrol
decisive victory for communist forces boats in the GoT- Johnson announced
led by HCM’s Viet Minh NV made 2 unprovoked attacks on US
-Defeat of French signaled the end of destroyers which violated international
French involvement in Vietnam-> led to law
1954 Geneva Accords which -Johnson asked for Congressional
temporarily divided Vietnam along the support for avenging the attacks-> led
17th parallel to the passing of the GoT Resolution by
E= Event laid the foundation for direct the US Congress
involvement of major powers in -Resolution granted by President
Vietnam, including the US Johnson granted permission to escalate
-Battle demonstrated the military and US military involvement in Vietnam->
determination of Communist forces-> became a catalyst for the significant
prompting US to reassess its policy increase in US troop deployments &
towards Vietnam combat operations in Vietnam
A= Although the battle of DBP set the -Increase President Johnson’s approval
stage for international involvement in rating increasing from 42% to 72%->
Vietnam, it DID NOT have a direct reelection in 1964
impact on US policy SJ= GoT was more important as it had
-However, it did contribute to the an immediate and direct impact
overall perception that communist -Incident provided justification for the
victory in Vietnam was possible which escalation of US military involvement->

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