Notes de cours
SOCIAL COGNITION
- Cours
- Établissement
LECUTRE 2 OUT OF 6 IN THE LECTURE SERIES OF PSYCHOLOGY
[Montrer plus]
Vendeur
S'abonner
hannahnewton21
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Week 2 – social cognitionDevelopmental and cross species research;
- Look at Tomasello paper: Understanding and Sharing Intentions
- Guided reading questions (by section number)
- 1. What is an intention?
- 2. What are 3 levels of intention understanding? +evidence
- 3. What are 3 levels of intention-sharing? +evidence
- 4. What skill do chimps lack? +evidence
- 5. What is Tomasello’s developmental hypothesis?
- 6. What are the alternative theories?
- THE TARGET ARTICLE IS THE FIRST 17 PAGES of paper
Opposition to Fodor’s Modularity Thesis;
- Anti-fodorian theories argue against specific mechanisms:
- Mental modules are:
- Domain specific
- Innate
- Fast & automatic
- Encapsulated
- Critics of modularity opt for processes that are:
- domain general
- learned (not innate)
- slower
- non-encapsulated
why study the black box?
- Noam Chomsky claimed that behaviorism couldn’t explain language
- Humans must have a unique cognitive tool for acquiring language
- Chomsky’s critics (e.g., Tomasello) need to:
- Argue against UG
- Argue for an alternative explanation
Arguments against UG;
- 1) Creole languages
- Linguists often embellish complexity of Creole languages
- 2) Linguistic universals
- Tendencies and Universals have been reduced to principals and parameters (Evans
and Levinson, 2009)
- Critics argue that these are hardly an innate grammar and aren’t very useful for
language acquisition
- 3) The critical period for language acquisition
- Evidence for a critical period is weak
- “Less is more”: Children learn language more effectively because they are limited in
what they can attend to, Dabrowska (1997)
, Dabrowska (1997);
- Showed why UG is a bad theory
- Ask adults of various educational backgrounds
to understand very complex sentences
- E.g., “It was King Louis who the general
convinced that this slave might speak to.”
- Who might the slave speak to?
- Who did the convincing?
- Who was convinced of something?
- So regardless of whether you were a native speaker it matters mostly on your
university education.
- Ug claims you have this innate knowledge and so a native speaker should
understand these complex sentences however, it was education level which made
the sentences easier to understand and so proves against UG.
- Formal education affects grammatical knowledge
Social cognition hypothesis;
- Can we explain language acquisition without UG?
- Tomasello argues that human social competence and intention-sharing lead to
language
- Social cognition is the “little difference that made a big difference” (Tomasello, 2005)
in human cognitive evolution.
- When we carry out actions, there are observable
indicators of our intentions (i.e., Looking at
object, acting with tools, reacting to outcomes)
- When doing this there are a lot of social correct
and relevant behaviours which occur. These are
all physically observable.
- There are also intentions and cognitive
behaviours happening in the person who is doing
the unboxing. He suggests these behaviours
come across before language in every type of
person.
Joint-attentional frames (or triadic engagement);
- 1. Person 1 attends to object/event
- 2. Person 2 attends to object/event
- 3. Person 1 & 2 realize that 1 & 2 are true
- 4. They communicate about object/event
- Uniquely human and very effective for learning words from
others
- Extremely effective for word-learning (Carpenter et al.,
1998)
- Children (1) notice these behaviours early on and
- (2) Come to understand the mental states (i.e., emotions, goals, and plans) of others
- (3) By 12 – 14 months, human children have access to a unique and powerful
mechanism for learning the meanings of words: joint-attentional frames
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur hannahnewton21. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €6,32. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
69252 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 15 ans