Psych 100 Exam 1 (PSU Crosby) With Verified Answers

Behaviorism - Answer All behavior is learned through a focus on observable behavior case study - Answer Detailed investigations of one subject. Highly detailed, but specific to one case control group - Answer Group that is not exposed to the Independent variable Correlation - Answer A measure of the relationship between two variables dependent variable - Answer Variable that represents the measurable response of participants Experiment - Answer The only method that allows researchers to determine the cause of a behavior experimental group - Answer Group that is exposed to the change that the independent variable represents Functionalism - Answer Focus of study is how the mind allows people to adapt, live, work, and play. (William James) Gestalt psychology - Answer Early perspective; focus on perception and sensation, particularly patterns and whole figures. (Max Wertheimer) Goals of Psychology - Answer Describe, Explain, Predict, Control Hypothesis - Answer tentative explanation of a phenomenon based on observations independent variable - Answer variable that is manipulated in an experiment Ivan Pavlov - Answer discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell John B. Watson - Answer All behavior is learned. Focus on the conscious mind. "Little Albert" experiment Laboratory Observation - Answer Involves watching animals or people in an artificial but controlled situation. High level of control, but artificial. Psychodynamic - Answer Focus on the unconscious. (Sigmund Freud) (modern perspective #1) Cognitive - Answer Process of thought (modern perspective #4) Sociocultural - Answer Relationship between social behavior and culture (modern perspective #5) Humanistic - Answer People have the freedom to choose their own destiny. Everyone is unique. (Modern perspective #3) Biopsychosocial - Answer Attributes human and animal behavior and mental events to biological factors (modern perspective #6) Evolutionary - Answer Biological, mental traits shared by all humans (modern perspective #7) naturalistic observation - Answer Watching animals or people in their natural environments. Lack of control Objective introspection - Answer Process of examining and measuring one's own thoughts and mental activities (Wilhelm Wundt) observer bias - Answer Observer may have a tendency to see what they expect to see Observer Effect - Answer If people know they're being observed, they may behave differently