provides an in-depth summary of all A01 sections, with reference to relevant research pieces needed. Also provides an outline of all evaluation points for each section to be able to use in questions needing A03
P – supporting evidence
Parasocial relationships
E – maltby found those with inter-persona
Celebrity attitude scale (CAS) – came up with 3
feelings about celebs had poorer body image
different types of parasocial r/ships
E – could be they lacked self-worth (a deficit)
1. Entertainment social: celebs viewed as
due to poor body image, ao become ‘absorped’
fuel for social interaction like gossiping
in celebritt
about someone in workplace or school
L -in like with A-A model, predictive = valid
2. Intense-personal: intense thoughts and
CA: or does absorption lead to poor body image
feelings are felt about the celebrity,
due to comparisons?
individuals like to share these thoughts
with others who feel a similar way
P – contradictory evidence
3. Borderline-pathological: features
E – McCutheon found no link between
uncontrollable extreme behaviours,
attachment style and parasocial r/ship
might include spending or planning to
E – undermines attachment theory as if it were
spend large sum of money on celeb
true different attachment styles should be able
related topic, or being willing to perform
to predict levels of parasocial r/ships
some illegal act at the celebs says so
L – theory therefore lacks validity as it has no
Absorption addiction model – McCutcheon
predictive validity
- Absorption: they have deficits in their
own sense of personal identity,
P – problems with measurement
absorption is an attempt to establish
E – CAS used, this is a self-report measure
personal identity
E – how realistic are celeb obsessed people
- Absorption has addictive qualities so
about the extremities of their behaviour? May
individuals go to further and further
not rate themselves as overly obsessed,
lengths to maintain a sense of fulfilment
skewing results
via the parasocial r/ship
L – if cannot accurately measure P-S levels,
- The model predicts there will be
topic becomes hard to obtain scientific
association between poorer mental
credibility as a whole
health and strength of parasocial r/ship
- CAS is used to test this
Extra:
Attachments
P – A-A model underdeveloped
- Secure: not likely, often have irl r/ships
E – how does absorption happen across 3 levels
- Insecure avoidant: least likely, find all
of PSR?
r/ships difficult to develop so unlikely to
E - no info given about cut off points, how
seek real/fiction r/ships
absorption needed to become borderline
- Insecure resistant: most likely, concern
pathological
that others will not reciprocate their
L – good start point, but limited applications for
desire for intimacy, turn to TV characters
predicting when people will become ‘addicted’
to satisfy ‘unrealistic’ and often unmet
or need intervention
relational needs
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