BCAT Exam 2023 with 100% correct answers

Autism Spectrum Disorder - correct answer -•Knowledge of *deficits in social-emotional reciprocity* •Knowledge of *deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction* •Knowledge of *deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships* •Knowledge of *stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech* •Knowledge of *insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior* •Knowledge of *highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus* •Knowledge of *hyper or hypoactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects of environment* •Knowledge of *levels of severity across social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors* •Knowledge of *research regarding treatment intensity* •Knowledge of *early intensive behavior intervention research* •Knowledge of *foundational autism research* •Knowledge between *evidence-based interventions vs. non-evidence based interventions* Hyper- or hypo-reactivity - to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment - correct answer -•Hyper-reactive: over-stimulated or •Hypo-reactive: Under-stimulated by sensory input OR •Unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment EXAMPLES: Apparent indifference to pain/temperature •Adverse response to specific sounds or textures •Excessive smelling or touching of objects (SSBs) •Visual fascination with lights or movement (SSBs) Severity Indicators - correct answer -•Three specifiers are used to refer to the amount of support needed in order to function -Level 1: Requiring Support -Level 2: Requiring Substantial Report -Level 3: Requiring Very Substantial Support •Level of severity may be indicated in the F code (last number may vary: 0,1,2 or 3) Autism as a Spectrum Disorder - correct answer -•Autistic Disorder - Autism Spectrum Disorder •Symptoms vary: - The deficits prevalent - Level of severity - Child's personality traits - Intellectual abilities - Other diagnoses (co-morbidity) Recent Research - Sallows & Graupner (2005) - correct answer -•Children with Autism who received 37.6 hours per week of 1-on-1 ABA treatment (or 31.3 hours per week of parent managed ABA treatment) at mean age of 3 years = significant pretest to posttest gains in IQ, language comprehension, ADI-R Social Skills and ADI-R Communication •Children receiving ABA gained an average of 25 IQ points and 48% achieved average post-treatment score and were succeeding in regular education classrooms Recent Research - Smith et al. (2007) - correct answer -•Children receiving 28 hours per week of 1-to-1 ABA treatment ages 4-7 scored significantly higher compared to the eclectic treatment group of intelligence, language, adaptive functioning, and maladaptive functioning on the two sub scales of the on the socio-emotional assessment •Children in the ABA group gained an average of 25 IQ points and 54% scored within the average range on both IQ and verbal IQ at follow up Early Research - Lovaas (1987) - correct answer -•Children who began more than 40 hours per week of 1-to-1 ABA treatment at mean age of 33.3 months scored significantly higher as compared to children receiving 0 to 10 hours per week on IQ and school placement •Children in intensive treatment ABA group gained average 30 IQ points more than child receiving minimal ABA •47% of children receiving intensive treatment achieved average post-treatment IQ scores and were succeeding in regular education classrooms •Follow up assessments (mean age of 11.5 years) showed that children in the intensive treatment group maintained gains and had higher scores for IQ, adaptive behavior, and personality than children of the control group (McEachin et al. 1993) Evidence Based Practices vs. Non-Evidence Based Practices - correct answer -•Evidence Based Practices: practices or interventions used that have supporting research in effectiveness and are supported by peer reviewed journals - effects must be *measurable* - must show a cause-effect relationship with improved outcomes - studies can be replicated - *ABA