, 4. Other absorbing surfaces .............................................................................................................................73
5. Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................................74
Module 03 Concert Hall acoustics ...........................................................................................................76
1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................76
2. Architectural criteria ....................................................................................................................................77
2.1. Most important architectural criteria .............................................................................................................................77
3. Acoustical criteria.........................................................................................................................................86
3.1. Overview .........................................................................................................................................................................86
3.2. Correlation with reverberation time? .............................................................................................................................89
3.3. Summary .........................................................................................................................................................................89
3.4. Measurement example ...................................................................................................................................................90
4. Diffusers & variable acoustics .......................................................................................................................90
4.1. Diffusers ..........................................................................................................................................................................90
4.2. Variable acoustics ...........................................................................................................................................................93
5. Some examples of concert halls ...................................................................................................................94
5.1. Acoustics defects ............................................................................................................................................................94
5.2. Evaluation of concert hall acoustics ................................................................................................................................96
5.3. Stage terminology ...........................................................................................................................................................98
5.4. Best concert halls ............................................................................................................................................................99
6. Acoustical studies .......................................................................................................................................102
6.1. Examples .......................................................................................................................................................................103
7. Case study including variable acoustics & acoustic modelling .....................................................................105
8. Some Belgian concert halls .........................................................................................................................112
Module 04 Airborne Sound insulation ..................................................................................................115
1. Introduction to Building Acoustics ..............................................................................................................115
1.1. Sound insulation, a necessity? ......................................................................................................................................115
1.2. Standardisation .............................................................................................................................................................116
1.3. General contemplations ...............................................................................................................................................116
1.4. Why airborne sound insulation? ...................................................................................................................................116
2. Transfer of sound in buildings .....................................................................................................................117
2.1. Airborne vs. Structure borne sounds ............................................................................................................................117
3. Airborne sound insulation of building elements .........................................................................................119
3.1. Measurement of the sound reduction index R .............................................................................................................120
3.2. Acoustical laboratory ....................................................................................................................................................122
3.3. Acoustical standards for sound insulation ....................................................................................................................122
3.4. Conversion of R ➔ Rw...................................................................................................................................................123
3.5. Spectrum adaptation terms C and Ctr ..........................................................................................................................123
3.6. How to measure STC? ...................................................................................................................................................127
3.7. Subjective resulting effect of Rw...................................................................................................................................130
3.8. Weighted sound reduction index of a composite building element .............................................................................130
4. Airborne sound insulation of building constructions ...................................................................................131
4.1. Apparent sound reduction R’ ........................................................................................................................................131
4.2. Weighted apparent sound reduction index R’w ...........................................................................................................131
4.3. Increasing the equivalent absorption area? .................................................................................................................131
4.4. Weighted standardized level difference DnT,w .............................................................................................................132
5. prNBN S01-400-1 (2019): Acoustical criteria for dwellings ..........................................................................132
5.1. Old standards ................................................................................................................................................................132
5.2. Updated Belgian standards ...........................................................................................................................................133
5.3. New European descriptors............................................................................................................................................133
5.4. Acoustical criteria for dwellings (prNBN S 01-400-1:2019) ..........................................................................................135
, 6. Airborne sound insulation of single leaf walls .............................................................................................141
6.1. Transmission of airborne sound through a homogeneous single leaf wall ...................................................................141
7. Airborne sound insulation of double leaf walls ...........................................................................................144
7.1. Design of double leaf constructions: ............................................................................................................................146
7.2. Gyproc plasterboard walls ............................................................................................................................................147
7.3. Timber frame walls .......................................................................................................................................................150
8. Building guidelines .....................................................................................................................................152
8.1. Anchorless cavity wall ...................................................................................................................................................152
8.2. Detailing ........................................................................................................................................................................153
8.3. GypBox-system..............................................................................................................................................................153
8.4. Example of a layout.......................................................................................................................................................155
8.5. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................................155
Module 05a Structure borne sound insulation ......................................................................................155
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................155
1.1. Measurement principle ..................................................................................................................................................155
2. Impact sound insulation: Demands from Belgian standard NBN S01-400-1 .................................................157
2.1. Acoustical criteria for dwellings NBN S 01-400-1:2008 & prNBN S 01-400-1:2019 .....................................................157
2.2. Direct hit in contact with the structure ........................................................................................................................161
2.3. Improvement of the structure borne sound transmission in dwellings: intervention at the source: mass-spring systems
(Floating screed) ...........................................................................................................................................................164
2.4. Working principle mass-spring system .........................................................................................................................167
2.5. Determination of the structure borne sound insulation in laboratory conditions .......................................................169
3. Calculations................................................................................................................................................170
3.1. Predictive calculations according to EN 12354-2 ..........................................................................................................170
4. Guidelines ..................................................................................................................................................177
5. Case study ..................................................................................................................................................180
5.1. Case study 1 ..................................................................................................................................................................180
5.2. Case study 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................183
5.3. Case study 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................185
5.4. Stairs & platforms .........................................................................................................................................................185
6. Wooden floors ...........................................................................................................................................186
6.1. Timber frame floors ......................................................................................................................................................186
6.2. CLT floors: cross laminated timber ................................................................................................................................188
6.3. How to reach class A? ...................................................................................................................................................191
7. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................191
Module 05b Service equipment noise ...................................................................................................192
1. Demands for service equipment noise in dwellings ....................................................................................192
1.1. Acoustical criteria for dwellings NBN S 01-400-1: 2008 ................................................................................................192
1.2. Acoustical criteria for dwellings prNBN S 01-400-1:2019 .............................................................................................196
2. Calculation .................................................................................................................................................198
3. Building guidelines .....................................................................................................................................198
3.1. Limiting service equipment noise in dwellings .............................................................................................................199
3.2. Often appearing complaints … ......................................................................................................................................200
3.3. Other possible equipment noise...................................................................................................................................210
Module 06 Human hearing & Noise on the workplace ..........................................................................211
1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................211
1.1. Motivation ....................................................................................................................................................................211
2. Human hearing: Working principle .............................................................................................................213
2.1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................213
2.2. The middle ear ..............................................................................................................................................................214
, 2.3. The inner ear.................................................................................................................................................................215
3. Human hearing: Pathology – what can go wrong? ......................................................................................218
3.1. How can we test it? ......................................................................................................................................................218
3.2. Audiograms ...................................................................................................................................................................219
3.3. Hearing loss ? ................................................................................................................................................................220
3.4. Reality check .................................................................................................................................................................221
3.5. When can you expect hearing loss?..............................................................................................................................221
3.6. Tinniwhatus? ................................................................................................................................................................222
3.7. Tips................................................................................................................................................................................223
4. Human hearing: (individual) hearing protection .........................................................................................223
4.1. Hearing protection ........................................................................................................................................................223
5. Legislation concerning noise on the workplace ...........................................................................................228
5.1. Noise emission by equipment used outdoors ..............................................................................................................228
5.2. Noise on the workplace ................................................................................................................................................230
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur tommyW. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €9,39. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.