Interview
CIE IGCSE History Germany Depth Study (0470)
- Cours
- Établissement
Notes required for CIE IGCSE History Germany Depth Study (0470) which covers the whole syllabus. A* standard notes. Updated to latest syllabus.
[Montrer plus]
Vendeur
S'abonner
soniaasanjay
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
IGCSE HISTORY: GERMANY DEPTH STUDY1. Was the Weimar Republic doomed from the start?
How did Germany emerge from defeat at the end of the First World War?
● (P): The Revolution of 1918
○ The shock of military defeat & conviction that the nation was
betrayed from within by corrupt & craven politicians created post war
instability
es
■ Many ex-soldiers & civilians despised the new democratic leaders
■ Street fights between contending factions became common
○ Causes
■ Failure in WW1
● Germany’s army was not completely defeated, but by 1918
had been significantly diminished
ot
● Spring Offensive failed
● 2 million + died, low morale
■ Economic hardship
● Allied blockade prevented imports of supplies & food
N
● Food shortages = suffering & military failure caused a sense
of hopelessness
● Influenza was rampant in Europe and by August 1918 killed
millions
ay ■ The Russian Revolution
● Contributed to the discontent in Germany
● The Russians replaced their Tsar with a communist
government led by Vladimir Lenin after the October 1917
Revolution
● Many Germans wanted to replace the undemocratic rule of
nj
the Kaiser by councils of workers & soldiers
○ Events of 1918
■ 29th October: German sailors at Wilhelmshaven refuse to follow
order & mutiny spreads to Kiel
Sa
■ 4th November: 40,000 sailors join dock workers & set up a workers’
& soldiers’ council & took over the dockyard
■ 7th November: German workers in Bavaria force local King Ludwig III
to step down
● Other regional monarch begin to abdicate
■ 9th November: Kaiser Wilhelm II abdicates & flees to the Netherlands
after pressure from his own ministers & Allies who say they will only
a
negotiate with “representatives of the people”
● Chancellor Prince Max von Baden also resigns, & Social
Democratic Party (SPD) member Friedrich Ebert becomes
ni
the new Chancellor
○ Consequences of the revolution
■ The Kaiser had abdicated & was now replaced by the Weimar
Republic, Germany’s first democracy
So
● Weimar Republic born out of military defeat & revolution post
WW1
● Undercurrent of anti-democratic feeling damaged the fabric
of the republic
■ Unstable political scene
● Extreme left wing (communists/Spartacists) & right wing
groups (Friekorps) fought for power
○ The Spartacists Uprising, January 1919
, ■ Politics: communists, extreme left wing
■ Leaders: Karl Liebnecht & Rosa Luxembourg
■ Aim: overthrow Weimar Republic & create a communist govt in
Germany
■ Spartacists had broken away from SPD in 1915 & wanted to create a
communist state in Germany
● 30th December: Declared the formation of the Communist
es
Party of Germany (KPD)
■ Events:
● 5th January 1919: Spartacists begin an armed takeover of
Berlin
○ Hundreds of workers given weapons; Berlin
paralysed by street fighting
ot
○ Took control of govt’s newspaper headquarters &
telegraph bureau
○ Won some support from working class
● 10th January: Spartacists are put down by the Freikorps
N
○ Chancellor Ebert organised 3,000+ former soldiers
(Friekorps) to come to Berlin
○ Friekorps were right wing, fiercely nationalist &
anti-communists
ay ● 13th January: Liebknecht & Luxembourg captured &
executed
○ 100 Spartacists & 17 Friekorps killed in fighting
○ Ebert regained control of Berlin but had to rely on the
Freikorps
■ Undermined the credibility of the new govt
nj
○ April 1919 Communist Uprising
■ April 1919: Communists in Southern Bavaria attempt nother
revolution, declaring an “Independent Soviet Republic”
● Captured Munich
Sa
■ May 1919: Soviet was attacked by 9,000 German Army soldiers &
30,000+ members of the Freikorps
● 1,700+ Communists killed in Munich
● Summer 1919: threat of the communists were over
○ Kapp Putsch, March 1920
■ Politics: Freikorps, extreme right wing
■ Leaders: Wolfgang Kapp (one of Freikorps commanders)
a
■ Aim: overthrow the Weimar Republic & create a military right wing
dictatorship; to ignore the TOV
■ Marched into Berlin & took it over
ni
● President Ebert & Weimar govt forced to flee
● Kapp declared a new right wing govt
■ President Ebert appealed to ordinary workers
● Went on strike, refused to work for Freikorps & Kapp
So
● Successful strike = Kapp pulled out of Berlin within days
■ None of leaders of Putsch were punished (judges sympathetic to
right wingers)
● Economic
○ Farming was disrupted as many farmers were drafted into the army
■ 1918, Germany was producing only 50% of the milk, and 60% of the
butter and meat, which had been produced before the war
○ WW1: crippling war debts + TOV
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur soniaasanjay. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €15,16. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
75323 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans