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Literature People, Place and Culture 17/18

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All the literature of the course PPC, being: Ritzer, G. (1983) “The ‘McDonaldization’ of Society”, Journal of American Culture, vol. 6 (1), 100-107 Massey, D. (1994) “A Global Sense of Place” in: Space, Place and Gender, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press – traceable through...

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  • 18 décembre 2017
  • 8
  • 2017/2018
  • Autre
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Very confusing structure: I understand that it is a summary, but many names and words have been inserted that are not explained at all. Wish I had not bought it.

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People place and culture literature

- Ritzer, G. (1983) “The ‘McDonaldization’ of Society”, Journal of American Culture, vol.
6 (1), 100-107
Society has changed into a society of rationality: characterized by efficiency, predictability,
calculability, substitution of non-human for human technology and control over uncertainty.
McDonalds is a very good example case of rationalization  McDonaldization.
 Efficiency: finding the best optimum means to any given end  e.g. people like to eat
in a fast food-restaurant where cheap meals are served. This is possible bc of the
assembly line  mass production.
 Predictability: people want to know what to expect when they enter a given setting.
They don’t want or expect surprises  fast food chains often serve approximately the
same menu.
 Calculability or quantity rather than quality: emphasis on things that can be counted.
 Substitution of non-human technology: people continue to act in unforeseen ways 
not able to predict  some people will keep producing their own meals etc. To still
increase rationality, we limit individual independence  ppl who work at McDonalds
have eliminated their ability to act autonomously by techniques, procedures, routines
and machines.
 Control: rational systems are set up to get greater control over the uncertainties of
life (which are mostly other people)
 irrationality of rationality: all the negative effects of rationalization e.g. it can be seen as
dehumanizing and disenchanting, by producing as much as possible we use more pesticides
and artificial ingredients etc.

- Massey, D. (1994) “A Global Sense of Place” in: Space, Place and Gender, Minneapolis:
University of Minnesota Press
time-space compression: the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing
people closer together, even though their distances are the same  distance decay because
of technology (allows us to communicate more across longer distances).
 People on the receiving end: eating food that comes from the other side of the world.
 People who do a lot of physical moving but are not in charge of the process at all, like
refugees.
 there is a highly complex social differentiation: differences in the degree of movement and
communication.
 Places are processes: they are absolutely not static.
 Places do not have boundaries in the sense of enclosure: the outside of a place also
contributes to the inside of a place.
 Places do not have on single identity: they are full of internal conflicts.
 globalization is a source of geographical uneven development

- Bauman, Z. (1998) “On Glocalisation: Or Globalization for Some, Localization for Some
Others”, Thesis Eleven, vol. 54, 37-49
Globalization entails the absence of a center, of a controlling desk, of a board of directors 
world disorder. Globalization is not smt we do, it is happening to us  it has given more

, opportunities for the extremely wealthy to make money more quickly  it is beneficial to a
few.
Glocalisation = the adaptation of international products around the particularities of a local
culture in which they are sold  this allows integration of local markets into world markets 
redistribution of privileges, wealth, poverty, power.
Opposition interplay between globalizing and localizing trends:
 Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft.

- Gustafson, P. (2001) “Meanings of Place: Everyday Experience and Theoretical
Conceptualizations”, Journal of Environmental Psychology, vol. 21, 5-16
Carter: face theory – four interrelated facets of place
1. Functional differentiation: activities
2. Place objectives: individual, social and cultural aspects of lace experiences
3. Scale of interaction: importance of environmental scale
4. Aspects of design: physical characteristic of place
Agnew: place consists of location (geographic area), locale (social relations) and sense of
place (structure of feeling)
Kaltenborn: two important factors
 Nature culture: place as a natural environment / cultural landscape
 Family social: concerning family life at the recreational home and social relations in
the area.
Principles of identity (breakwell)
 Distinctiveness: place identification to distinguish themselves from others
 Continuity: place provides a sense of continuity of the self as ppl have lived at the
same place or type of place for a long time
 Self-esteem: ppl feel proud about the place they live
 Self-efficacy: qualities of the residential area facilitate respondent’s everyday life in
various ways.
Outcome of Gustafson’s own interviews: meanings of place as expressed by interviewees
(three pole model: self, other, environment):
 Self: places have highly personal meanings
 Self-others: relationship between self and others  places often become meaningful
because of the respondent’s relation with people living there and the sense of
community that such social relations create.
 Others: places have their meaning bc the characteristics, traits and behaviour of its
inhabitants.
 Others-environment: atmosphere, climate, street life.
 Environment: meaning of place doesn’t depend on self nor on others  physical
environment.
 Environment-self: relationship between self and environment  knowledge of place
like geographical or historical knowledge.
 Self-others-environment: all in one.
 places may have a lot of meanings to different people. Not all places mean the same to
everybody. Important for meaning of place
1. Distinction: a meaningful place must appear as an identifiable, distinguishable
territorial unit.
2. Valuation: positive or negative about places/inhabitants

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