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Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids? Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive. Autosomal: Dominant: Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally €17,60
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Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids? Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive. Autosomal: Dominant: Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally
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Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for their kids?
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
Autosomal:
Dominant:
Correct answer- Autosomal: males and females equally affected.
Dominant: non-carrier pare...
WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL EXAM
100 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
2023.V.S.U.Qualified
Hemophilia Pedigree - Father has hemophilia, mother does not. What is the outcome for
their kids?
Correct answer- His daughters would be carriers. This is x-link recessive.
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Correct answer- The process of copying DNA in the
lab. Uses Template DNA, Nucleotides (dNTPS), DNA Polymerase, and DNA primers.
3 Steps of PCR
Correct answer- 1. Denaturation: DNA is heated to 95C to separate it.
2. Annealing: reaction is cooled to 50C; primers stick to the DNA you want to copy
and add DNA polymerase.
3. Elongation: reaction heated to 70C and DNA polymerase, adding nucleotides
building a new DNA strand.
Base Excision Repair (BER) Correct answer- How you repair a mutation. BER is used to
repair damage to a base caused by harmful molecules. You remove the base that is
damaged and replace it. *BER removes a single nucleotide* DNA
glycolsylase - sees damaged DNA and removes it.
DNA polymerase-puts the right one back in while DNA ligase seals it.
Mismatch repair (MMR) occurs during:
Correct answer- replication. DNA polymerase proofreads but sometimes a mismatch
pair gets through. MMR removes a large section of the nucleotides from the new DNA
and DNA polymerase tries again. (Ex: C-T instead of C-A)
Mismatch Repair corrects what kind of DNA damage?
Correct answer- When a base is mismatched due to errors in replication. Such as G-T
instead of G-C. DNA polymerase comes by and fixes it.
What happens when DNA polymerase binds to DNA to make RNA?
,WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL EXAM
100 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
2023.V.S.U.Qualified
Correct answer- TRANSCRIPTION! DNA polymerase takes the individual nucleotides
and matches them to the parental sequences to ensure a correct pair. It must bind with
RNA primer to work.
What is needed for DNA replication?
Correct answer- DNA polymerase
Nonsense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide produces a STOP codon Stop= nonsense
because it is no more.
Silent Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide but codes for the same amino acid. Silent= the
change doesn't change the name of the protein
Missense Mutation
Correct answer- Change in 1 nucleotide leads to a code for a different amino acid.
Missense = mistake was made.
What happends during RNA splicing?
Correct answer- During RNA splicing introns are cut out, the remaining exons are joined
together.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
Find the DNA template strand.
Correct answer- 3'TAC TCA GAG AGA 5'
The DNA template strand is complimentary. So start with the opposite number, then go
L-R with the complimentary letter.
5'ATG AGT CTC TCT 3'
What is the corresonding mRNA sequence?
Correct answer- 5'AUG AGU CUC UCU 3'
This sequence is the same as the coding strand except T changes to U because it is
RNA. RNA doesn't have T.
How would a mutation from CTC to ATC affect the protein sequence? (CTC/ATC -
coding strand, AUC - mRNA strand)
Correct answer- This will make a missense mutation because it changes the name of
the protein. (look at the chart provided.) missense = mistake
, WGU BIOCHEMISTRY 785 FINAL EXAM
100 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS/A+ GRADE
2023.V.S.U.Qualified
DNA replication process
Correct answer- DNA ->Transcription -> RNA -> Translation -> Polypeptide
Describe how you would find what ionized Alanine looks like.
Correct answer- This is an amino acid. Look for the "R" group. Alanine is a hydrophobic
amino acid that has CH3. It is a weak interaction. An ionized acid will have a + or -
charge.
Describe what causes the misfolding of protein in Alzheimer's Disease.
Correct answer- Protein misfolding is caused by intracellular tangles and extracellular
plaques (senile plaques) caused by abnormal protein aggregation.
TAU is fibrous material inside cells where the connections are lost. This becomes
defective and forms filaments in the neuron.
Amyloid-Beta is a large precursor protein in the cell. Excess amyloid-beta creates senile
plaques. This starts in the hippocampus and moves up.
Describe the process of neurodegenerative protein aggregation.
Correct answer- Alzheimer's is the most common neurodegenerative disease. The
formation of aggregated amyloid-beta fibers is another characterisitc of Alzheimer's.
However, neurodegeneration and memory loss can be detected before amyloid fibers
accumulate in the brain.
What are the molecules that help denatured proteins with folding?
Correct answer- Molecular chaperones are protein helpers. They bind to the newly
made polypeptide and enable proper folding. Proper protein folding is vital b/c proteins
that do not fold properly can lead to a variety of diseases. Normally, the chaperones that
help new proteins fold can also help misfolded proteins refold into the correct structure.
Genetic mutations that substitute one amino acid for another can cause incorrect
folding.
What are the 4 levels of protein structure?
Correct answer- 1. Primary-chain of amino acids. PEPTIDE bonds form a polypeptide
chain. This is a covalent bond (very strong) and does not denature.
2. Secondary-alpha helix and beta sheet. HYDROGEN bonds that contain the carboxyl
group and amino groups. Denatured by salt and pH change.
3. Tertiary-side chain interaction (R group). Changes are seen with high temp, salt,
change in pH, and reducing agents. (ex: sickle cell, arthritis, hemophilia)
4. Quarternary-more than 1 polypeptide. Change seen with increased temp. (Ex: Hgb)
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