Locomotion is the intricate coordination of muscular and skeletal systems enabling organisms to move efficiently. From the seamless grace of a gazelle to the nuanced precision of human gestures, diverse mechanisms propel mobility. Evolution has sculpted adaptations, ensuring survival through dynami...
Revision Notes
Class 11 Biology
Chapter 20 – Locomotion and Movement
Locomotion and Movement
Movement is defined as the movement of living organisms from one place to
another; if the movement causes a change in location or position, it is called
locomotion; such as walking, climbing, running, etc.
Kinds of Movement
There are three kinds of movement which are ciliary, amoeboid, and muscular.
Ciliary Movement
This type of movement occurs in those organs which are covered with ciliated
epithelium. It helps to capture dust particles that are inhaled during breathing and
also helps to move the egg from the fallopian tube into the uterus.
Amoeboid Movement
This type of movement can be seen in some immune cells, such as macrophages and
white blood cells. It can also be seen in amoeba moving through pseudopods.
Fig. 2. Amoeboid movement in Amoeba
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, Muscular Movement
Muscle movement is seen in the tongue, chin, limbs, etc. The muscles, bones, and
nervous system are all involved in locomotion.
Muscle
Muscle or muscle tissue is essentially mesoderm. It is an organization of cells that is
involved in body movement. Skeletal muscle, smooth muscle and cardiac muscle
are the three main muscle types.
Skeletal muscles are voluntary muscles that mean these muscles are under the
control of our will and under the control of the somatic nervous system. They are
striated muscles because of the characteristic striations present on them. These
muscles are attached to the bones through tendons and are involved in keeping the
body in a particular posture and performing different body movements.
Smooth muscles lack striations and are also called visceral muscles. These muscles
control involuntary body movements. They are located in the walls of both the
digestive tract and reproductive tract.
Cardiac muscles are the heart muscles that help the heart to contract and relax
rhythmically. These muscles are involuntary in nature and also have cross stripes
with branching patterns.
Fig. 3. Types of muscles
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