AMSCO - 1.3 Reading Notes - AP History with verified solution

AMSCO - 1.3 Reading Notes - AP History Delhi sultanate - correct answers 1. Reigned for 300 years, from the 13th through the 16th centuries 2. Imposed a tax called the jizya on all non-Muslim subjects of the empire 3. Never organized an efficient bureaucracy in the style of the Chinese. Because of this, sultans had difficulty imposing their policies in a land as large and diverse as India. 3. Sultans wanted to extend their rule southward. They became focused on themselves from an invasion by the Mongol army from the northwest. This Sultanate prevented the Mongols themselves from conquering South Asia. In 1526, the sultans lost power to a new empire, the Mughals, whose leaders did trace their ancestry to the Mongols. Jizya - correct answers The tax that the Delhi Sultanate imposed on all non-Muslim subjects of the empire. Proselytize - correct answers 1. Actively seek converts 2. Islam wanted to do this, but found out that forcing their Hindu and Buddhist subjects to convert was unsuccessful. Caste system - correct answers 1. Caste system defines the social rank of individuals. 2. People thought converting to Islam would improve their status 3. Islam did not have a huge impact on India's caste system Qutub Minar - correct answers 1. Stands in the southern part of Delhi 2. Example of Islamic architecture built during the Delhi Sultanate 3. Towers over the mosque and is a gigantic leaning tower, the tallest structure in India today. 4. Historians still debate the reason for its construction. However, one clear function is its presence as a symbol of Islamic influence and, at one point, dominance of northern India. Bhakti Movement - correct answers 1. Starts in the 12th century. Hindus began to be drawn to teachings about the importance of emotion in their spiritual life. 2. They focused on developing a strong attachment to a particular deity instead of emphasizing on studying texts/performing rituals. 3. Began in southern India 4. Was especially appealing to a lot of believers because it didn't discriminate against women or people who held a lower social status. 5. Mira Bai: one of the most famous figures of this movement, female 6. The bhaktis were Hindus, but were similar to Sufi Muslims. 7. Sufi and bhaktis both were mystical movements, emphasized inner reflection in order to achieve a direct personal relationship with a deity. Each appealed to people outside their traditions because of how they didn't focus on the strict rules to traditional rituals and beliefs. 8. Bhaktis helped spread Hinduism. Angkor Wat - correct answers 1. Rulers of the Khmer Empire constructed the majestic Buddhist temple complex of this 2. Ruins of it still stand Most South Asians practiced which religions before the arrival of Islam? - correct answers Hinduism (large # of people) and Buddhism (small # of people) Summarize the main differences between Hinduism and Islam. - correct answers 1. Islam is monotheistic, while Hinduism is polytheistic (pray to many gods). 2. The artwork and temples of Hindu are replete with pictures of deities. Muslims disapprove of any visual representation of Allah. 3. Islam always calls for the equality of all believers. Hinduism was associated with a hierarchical caste system. 4. The Muslims look only to the Quran for spiritual guidance. Hindus use/recognize numerous sacred texts. The arrival of Islam was at first forceful, as Muslim rulers tried to force Hindu and Buddhist subjects to convert. This was unsuccessful, which led to voluntary conversion. Who voluntarily converted and why? - correct answers Islam emphasizes on the equality of all believers, so this attracted low-caste Hindus who hoped that conversion would improve their social status. The largest numbers of converts to Islam were Buddhists. Buddhism was left unorganized because of corruption among the monks and raids on monasteries by early Muslim conquerors.