Gescheideniswerkplaats- 3VWO - Hoofdstuk 4 de wereld na 1945 - samenvatting - ENGLISH
2 vues 0 achat
Cours
Geschiedenis
Type
VWO / Gymnasium
Samenvatting van geschiedeniswerkplaats hoofdstuk 4 de wereld na 1945.
Geschikt voor 3vwo TTO leerlingen.
LET OP DEZE SAMENVATTING IS IN HET ENGELS.
Voor de nederlandse versie, zie mijn andere samenvattingen.
4.1
Decolonisation Dutch indies
Before war: Dutch colonisers suppressed nationalism in the Dutch indies
During war: Japan oppressed indigenous people – Japan turned indigenous people against the west.
After war: Were against restoration Dutch rule, Sukarno declared Indonesia independent 2 days after Japanese capitulation on 17 th August 1945.
Netherland’s Reaction: Indonesian war of independence started Netherlands didn’t accept proclamation of independence.
1946 onwards: Netherlands sent soldiers to restore dutch power tried to negotiate, but failed,
1947: Dutch army executed a large military operation on Java and Sumatra called is a police action Republic fought back with guerrilla attacks
Dutch reacted to these attacks with terror, burned down villages/killed villagers.
1948: Dutch held a second ‘police action’ captured Sukarno Netherlands were forced by the USA and the UN to release him and accept
Indonesian independence.
Indonesian independence: Queen Juliana signed the transfer of sovereignty giving Sukarno’s government highest power over Indonesia.
Decolonisation other dutch colonies
1954: Surinam/Dutch Antilles became Autonomous countries within kingdom of the Netherlands.
1975: Surinam became an independent republic under rule of Prime minister Arron
1986: Aruba became autonomous
2010: Dutch Antilles were disbanded as a unity Sint Maarten became autonomous Bonaire, Saba, Sint Eustatius became special Municipalities
were given the name Caribbean Netherlands.
European countries: weakened by war
USA – Soviet union: Became superpowers. Were against colonialism
USA: Allowed Philippines to become independent in 1946
Decolonisation British India
Before war: British and Indians were conversing about self-governance
After war: British were in favour of decolonisation, left India asap
After decolonisation: British India became India, majority population Hindi Pakistan, majority population Muslim
Gandhi: Wanted to Unite former British India into 1 country Differences between religious groups escalated Muslims fled to Pakistan Hindus
fled to India.
Decolonisation Indochina/Vietnam
After war: Ho Chi Minh declared Vietnam independent after Japan capitulated.
France’s Reaction to Vietnam’s independence: Colonial war started France wanted to reconquer Vietnam
France’s surrender: France gave up after losing a weeklong battle over a ford in the jungle in 1954.
Palestine and Israel
Before 1945: Independent arab states formed in the middle east
After 1945: British ruled Palestine; was a lot of tension between Arab and Jewish population
1896: Jewish author encouraged Zionism, got many followers; thought they needed their own state (safe from anti-semitism) – decided their state
should be Palestine.
Before world war I & interbellum: many Jews migrated to Palestine
1936: Palestinians revolted, wanted to stop jewish immigration
Before 1945: British limited jewish immigration into Palestine
After 1945: Limit of jewish immigration, failed as many jews flew to Palestine after the holocaust.
1947: British declared they would leave Palestine on 15 may 1948
Involvement UN: Wanted to divide Palestine into 2 states Palestinians refused.
14th of may 1948: jewish leader declared State of Israel
Israel had superior military (supplied by countries such as US) conquered majority of Palestine.
Decolonisation in Africa
African nationalism influenced by arab nationalism
1954: African nationalists started war for Algeria’s independence war lasted 8 years 1956 France gave up the colony.
1956: France let Morocco and Tunisia become independent
Morocco Became a kingdom
Tunisia was originally a kingdom became a republic in 1957
1955: Nationalism in sub-Saharan Africa increased
- French, british, Belgians wanted to get rid of their colonies, supported nationalism
1960-1964: 17 british colonies became independent, france transferred power peacefully everywhere.
1960: Belgium relinquished the Congo
Potruguese refused to let colonies in Africa go rebels in Africa started a war of independence in 1974 when Portugal got new government made
colonies independent.
4.2
Start coldwar
- Allied leaders Truman(US), Churchill (UK), Stalin (SU) met up in 1945 to promise to work together
- Allied leaders; Truman (US), Stalin(SU) quickly became enemies world was divided into the eastern bloc (SU) and the west (US)
- There was hostility without fighting between US and SU a cold war.
Cause hostility between US and SU
- were powerful countries with different ideologies
- US = Democracy, capitalism
- SU = Communism, dictatorship
- wanted to spread their ideologies; became competitors
Bloc formation indirect cause world war II
, bloc formation
- Areas liberated by the western allies; fell under American sphere of influence
- Areas liberated/occupied by Soviet army; fell under Soviet union’s sphere of influence.
Stalin added Baltic states so SU and helped communists gain power in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Bulgaria.
Division Germany
- West Germany 1949: capitalist federal republic of Germany; with parliamentary democracy.
- East Germany German democratic republic; was a communist dictatorship.
West berlin part capitalist federal republic of Germany East berlin part German democratic republic
- The berlin wall: was built in 1961 to prevent citizens from the east and west from communicating; guarded with minefields, barbed wires and watch
towers.
European countries after war:
- Western countries: feared invasion of red army
- Western countries: had concern about the increase in communism
- communism: seemed a solution to poverty
Start of us policy containment – 1948 onwards
- US wanted to stop communist expansion by rebuilding economy western European countries. US spent billions of dollars.
- 1950: prosperity (western European countries) increased – poverty disappeared – communism decreased.
- Us gave military aid
- 1949: US, Canada, west/south European countries formed the NATO soviet union, eastern bloc formed Warsaw pact.
- fear of global communist expansion increased SU had atomic bombs, China was led by a communist NATO increased military
Stalin’s death
- successor was Khrushchev
- Khrushchev said that communism and capitalism live side by side to prevent atomic war
- arms race between the great powers continued.
Progression nuclear weapons
- became more destructive
- increased in number
- were produced as missiles could hit enemy’s territory everywhere.
Cold war
- 1961 tension increased especially around berlin.
- Khrushchev wanted to take west berlin GDR built berlin wall to end flow of east Germans migrating to west Germany.
Cuba crisis
- 1959: communist castro took power in cuba
- 1961: CIA tried to chase him out were defeated
- 1962: CIA found missile installations on Cuba
- Missile installations were placed on Cuba by Khrushchev
- Khrushchev removed missile installation per request of Kennedy
The hotline
- direct connection between the SU and US
- could swiftly discuss problems reduced tension of the cold far for 50 years
Détente
- superpowers remained heavily armed Russia had a yearly march dhowing off its military
- SU and US were both onvolved in conflicts such as the Vietnam war
Vietnam war
- SU provided weapons for communist (northern) Vietnam
- US soldiers fought against Communist (northern) Vietnam
- Communist conquered Vietnam
End coldwar
- tension increased in 1980 GDR wanted to place nuclear weapons in western Germany population western Germany opposed this, were scared
of nuclear war
- 1985: SU leader Gorbachev allowed more freedom, ended arms race together with US President Reagan.
-1989: mass protests in east germany against communist leaders Gorbachev relinquished his power in multiple countries also Germany
- GDR opened berlin wall to stop protest waal was destroyed by angry cilivians
- 1990 GDR was dissolved east Germany joined the federal republic
-1991 SU fell apat in 15 indipendent states without communism.
Tension in Korea
- 1945 SU liberated korea from Japan Korea became communist state – led by Kim il-sung, had a Stalinist regime
- 1950 Korea tried to conquer capitalist south korea failed
- south korea supported by UN troops led by US – Korea supported by SU and china.
- 1953 stalin died Korean war ended tension continued due to a heavily guarded border and American military with nuclear weapons.
- South korea became a prosperous rich country
- north korea became poor invested money in its military developed nuclear weapons with help of SU and China to protect themselves from
south Korea
- west says north Korea is threatening peace in the region and the world.
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur 588Elsa65. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €5,49. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
