NUTR 280 exam 2 jmu Questions & Answers Already Graded A +

Refined - refers to foods that have undergone processing that changes or removes various components of the original food unrefined - foods eaten either just as they are found in nature or with only minimal processing, such as cooking whole- grain product - entire kernel: bran, germ, and endosperm endosperm - which part of the grain kernel do refined grains contain enrichment - addition to the food of specific amounts of nutrients to replace those lost during processing iron, riboflavin, niacin, thaimin - list 4 commonly enriched nutrients refined sugar - sugars added to food during processing and account for almost 15% of calories consumed in typical American diet 15 - % of calories eaten by added sugars in typical American diet empty calories - refined sugars contribute _________ _______ to the diet due to loss of fiber, vitamins, and minerals found in the original plant fruit and milk - foods w/ natural sugars: calories from sugar high nutrient density due to vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals added sugars - new change to food labels includessugar unit - a sugar molecule that cannot be broken down to yield other sugars monosaccarides - 1 single sugar unit glucose, galatcose, fructose disaccharide - 2 or more sugar units polysaccharide - many sugar units linked together simple carbohydrates - monosacchrides, what we commonly refer to as sugars; 3 most common: glucose, galactose, fructose glucose - often called blood sugar, most important carbohydrate fuel for the human body maltose, sucrose, lactose - most common disaccarides glucose - 6-carbon monosaccahride that is the primary form of carbohydrate use to provide energy to the body glycogen - storage form of carbs in animals, made up of many glucose molecules linked together in a highly branched structure - not consumed in diet -found in liver and muscles starch - carbohydrate found in plants, made up of many glucose molecules linked in straight or branched chains fiber - complex carb that cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes -not absorbed in Small intenstinesoluble fiber - dissolves in water or absorbs water and is readily broken down by instestinal microflora lactose - carb in milk sucrose - carb in fruits, vegetables, grains, table sugar