Mooie en complete samenvatting voor het vak 'Introduction to Information & Information Systems'. Er staan ook drie oefenvragen. Het is gelaagde structuur door middel van de behandelde stof van de afgelopen weken.
Samenvatting Introduction to Information and Information Systems
Algemene informatie:
Multiple choice vragen, 4 antwoordmogelijkheden
• 3 delen:
A) Theorie (20 vragen) week 1, 2 en 3
B) Binair(Logic) (10 vragen) week 5
C) Algorithm (Excel) (10 vragen) week 4
D) Tentamen is in het Engels
• Woordenboek toegestaan
• Op Saxion in computerlokaal (zie je tentamenrooster)
Leerdoelen:
The student after completing this course can:
- Explain what is a computer file system, and make use of it.
- Explain what is hardware, and give concrete examples of each type of hardware.
- Explain what is software, elaborate on its role in today’s Information Systems, and design
basic software algorithms.
- Practice with Binary arithmetic.
A). Theorie
Week 1: Introduction and use of a computer file system.
1. Operating systems:
Every computer runs programs (applications) that help you do your work, like word processors and
browsers. Every computer needs software that knows the details of the particular hardware you
have, and can communicate with all your applications, and with you. This is the Operating System.
There are several kinds of OS’s (e.g., Windows 7, 8, 10, Linux, MacOS, Unix, Android). All operating
systems have the important job of keeping track of your files: where they are, what is in them, what
they are named.
2. File basic
When you use an application to do work (e.g., write a paper, make a spreadsheet, or draw a picture)
the work in progress is stored in the RAM memory first. (More details on the RAM follow in next
lectures). It is in danger of being lost if the power goes off, because the RAM is a volatile type of
memory, which means that it gets completely erased when we shut down our computer. When you
save your work in progress, though, it is copied to a secondary storage device like the hard drive or a
flash drive. It is saved as a file with a name, extension, time, date, size.
You must adhere to file-naming conventions when saving files: maximum length, spaces are allowed,
speciale signs (‘’, ?, !) not allowed.
File extensions provide clues to the file contents:
, 3. File management
NOT the same as Internet Explorer! Windows Explorer ≠ Internet Explorer.
Units for Measuring File Sizes: (More information on that follows in upcoming lectures)
One byte = one character, pretty small
1 Kilobyte = 1024 bytes, about a page of text
1 Megabyte = 1024 KBs, a 1000-page book
1 Gigabyte = 1024 MBs (more than 1 billion bytes), about 1000 books, a library.
1 Terabyte = 1024 GBs (more than 1 trillion bytes), over 1000 libraries
1 Petabyte = 1024 TBs (more than 1 quadrillion bytes), over 1 million libraries
Zipping a File or Files:
Files can be compressed by removing the redundancies in them. Zip also archives them, i.e., it turns
several files into one file, which is easier to move, copy, upload, etc.
Week 2: Hardware
2. Introduction to computers
1. Computer
Since the computer is a man-made digital electronic device, it has a physical structure with several
parts like the monitor, processor, mouse, and keyboard which are tangible. These are called
HARDWARE. The sets of instructions which are also called computer programs installed in the
computer are called SOFTWARE. These softwares tell the hardware what to do and how to do to
accomplish some tasks expected by the user to get done by the computer.
2. Characteristics of a computer
- Speed (snelheid): a computer works very fast. Billions of operations can be carried out in a
single second.
- Reliability (betrouwbaarheid): modern computer are ‘betrouwbaar’ and have a low failure
rate (een laag uitvalpercentage).
- Accuracy (nauwkeurigheid): The accuracy of a computer is consistently high and the degree
of accuracy of a particular computer depends upon its design. Errors can occur in a
computer, but these are mainly due to human mistakes.
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