BSL165 Notes (Foundation of Business Law-Murdoch University) 2024 100% TRUSTED workings, explanations and solutions. For assistance call or W.h.a.t.s.a.p.p us on +/ 2/ 5/ 4 /7 /7 /9 /5 /4 /0 /1 /3 /2 .
BSL165 NOTES
The Chaser’s Definition: The law is a complex interaction between court rulings and
legislation (Andrew in The Chaser’s War on Everything (Ep 2, series 3)
Tony Robinson’s Definition: No matter who you are or what you do, every aspect of your life
is governed by the Law (Tony Robinson in Tony Robinson's Crime and Punishment (Episode 1)
Four Divisions of Law: Public Law, Private Law, Criminal Law and Civil Law
Public Law: Law dealing with issues affecting the general public or state [Examples: Constitutional
Law, Administrative Law, Criminal Law, Taxation Law]
Private Law: Law dealing with relationships between individuals or organizations [Examples: Contract
Law, Agency Law, Corporations Law and Family Law]
Civil Law: Law dealing with disputes between individuals or organizations
Aim: To compensate injured party
Burden of Proof: On a balance of Probabilities
Nature of action: Plaintiff v Defendant
Criminal Law: Law dealing with offenses against the state; and the state will normally prosecute
Aim: To punish offender
Burden of Proof: Beyond reasonable doubt
Nature of action: State v Accused
Laws: Natural Law, Religious Law (God, Bible, Quran stated the law) , Customary Law (rules observed
as part of a tradition) , positive law ( body of rules that regulate relationship btw members of society
and govt to avoid conflict and promote social cohesion)
Common Law:
- Present judges/lawyers refer to the past records and compare them to arrive at a
decision.
- If it is smth that happened before then its applicable. If nth happened judges create
the law
- Strength: Judges are able to make changes if they find the past decisions flawed ->
trends develop
- Judges are chosen for the people by the people
Civil Law:
- Whatever written by the government
- Judges have no power to change/modify judgement
- If there is no law in place for a certain case, judge must wait for the law to be passed
by the govt before they sentence.
- Based on power of govt, so if govt change laws change as well
- No evolution due to different circumstances
--Adversary system effective when both sides equally represented (if 1 lawyer btr outcome unfair)--
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Role of Law in society:
- Provides rules and structures for dispute resolution
- Reflects/reinforces basic community values
- Promotes stability and cohesion
- Promotes justice and rule of law
- Regulatory function
Law helps to regulate the way we live (informs us what we may do and how to do [buy/sell
properties, marry/divorce, register company] and what we must do to avoid sanctions [pay taxes,
vote in elections])
Law provides a means for disputes to be resolved by ensuring laws are clear and accessible. Courts
provide fair, efficient, open and uncorrupted dispute resolution process.
LEGAL HISTORY OF AUSTRALIA
- Australia was founded as a penal colony on 26 January 1788
- Reception of English Law in Australia
- Privy Council had determined in 1722 that: if a country is conquered or ceded, the
laws & customs of the place prevail over English law unless contrary to English
religion, malum in se (inherently wrong), or silent.
- BUT
- If a new and uninhabited Country be found by English subjects - English law will
apply.
- English Law was introduced into Australia under the concept of terra nullius (land of
no-one)
- Aboriginal customary law was completely ignored.
- The Australian Courts Act 1828 (Imp) provided that all laws in force in England as at
25 July 1828 would apply to NSW & VDL (Van demons Land aka Tasmania).
- 18 June 1829 Swan River settlement found by Captain Stirling
‘Party Control’
- Each party have control over own case
- Instigating proceedings, investigating facts, gathering evidence/witnesses,
investigating law, deciding whether to have a jury on their civil case
- Responsible for the outcome of the case
Role of Judge
-Contest fair and impartial, admissibility of evidence, decides when there is no jury, cannot have
previous knowledge of accused/parties
Burden: Criminal -> Prosecution Civil-> Plaintiff
Standard (strength of proof): Criminal-> beyond reasonable doubt Civil-> on the balance of
probabilities
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