BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 (Verified Answers).

BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 (Verified Answers). what are male gametes? - answerSperm What are female gametes? - answerSecondary oocytes Embryonic period? - answerFrom fertilization through the eighth week of development Fetal period? - answerBegins at week 9 and continues on until birth Describe the first trimester? - answerThe first trimester is from conception to 13 weeks. This period is very critical to babies health due to the extensive oran-system development, and baby is most vulnerable to teratogens. Describe the second trimester? - answer14 weeks to 27 weeks. Baby begins to develop human like features Describe the third trimester? - answer28 weeks to 40 weeks. Rapid fetal growth, fetus doubles in weight. Cleavage of zygote - answerMitotic division after fertilization Day 1: two-cell stage Day 2: four-cell stage Day 3: eight-cell stage Day 4: morula Day 5: blastocyst Day 6: Implantation in uterine wall BIOS 256 Final Exam Questions and Answers 2024/2025 (Verified Answers). FIGURE 29.5 What factors stimulate the thirst center in the hypothalamus? - answerIncreased blood osmolarity(more solutes) Decreased blood volume Decreased blood pressure Dry mouth What does a decreased blood pressure stimulate in the kidneys? - answerStimulates the release of renin, which increases angiotensin II formation, leading to increased thirst, increased water intake, and increased blood volume, and increased blood pressure What are the two main solutes in extracellular fluid and in urine? - answerNa+ and ClADH function - answerADH responds to increased osmolarity, by inserting aquaporins in late DCT and collecting ducts, which increases the permeability to water and allows for more water to be reabsorbed, decreasing blood osmolarity, increasing blood volume, increasing blood pressure What are the two most important hormones in renal reabsorption and urine regulation? - answerAldosterone and ANP When is RAAS activated? - answerDecreased blood pressure or Na+ deficiency in plasma, this causes an increase in renin release which activates the RAAS system. This increases Na+ reabsorption and water reabsorption in the late DCT and collecting ducts.