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College aantekeningen 19th century literature romanticism

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Dit zijn notities van tijdens de les. Heel volledig en tegelijkertijd ook overzichtelijk.

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  • 28 mars 2024
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Nineteenth century literature in English I
LES 28/09: intro romanticism
1. Paintings
o Romantic painting Joseph Turner: The Fighting
Temeraire (1834)
o Relate to romanticism
o Sky, colour, nature, playing with light,
Vague, dreaming
o Painter is involved in painting (point of
view)
o Temeraire = ship (refers to event war against Napoleon) last ship that
fought in the battle
o Turner gave it the word fighting, ship not in foreground (reflection on
time: moon and sun fighting same as ships)
o This kind of ships are over, they now have steamboats (steamboat in
dark so Turner wasn’t a big fan of revolution)
o Romanticism is not new (already with German going back into nature)
o Mind something different from soul also new for Romantics (Decartes)
o Mind= the way that our brain makes ourselves known to us
o If mind dies souls die to (so souls come form nature)
o Everything is connected
o Divine nature approach trough art
o Romantic painting: john Constable Dedham Vale, 1802
1. The ‘long nineteenth century’
o 1781 start of century with French revolution
o End 1914 WO I
o Age of revolution – age of capital – age of empire (first half 19 th century is age of
revolution)
o French revolution (1789), American revolution (1776), Belgian revolution
(1830), IR, Germany unified 1870, unification of Italy, idea of nation state
is new to 19Th century
o All EU went to war so whole world is at war (all revolutions snowball effect to
1914)
o Age of empire (British empire under Queen Victoria)
o Romanticism: make it new, time of experimentation
o BIG 6 poets
o Poem William Blake ‘London’ (p60) SEE BOOK
1. Romanticism = aesthetic movement (features document)
o EXAM: NOT QUESTION DIRECTLY FROM DOCUMENT
o Literary history vs. chronology
o The canon
o British revolution vs. American revolution
o Attitudes toward revolution (all break poetry as it was back then in their own
way)
o Painting Friedrich (see pwp features)

,LES 5/10: The big 6 (1)
1. Painting: Tintern Abbey
 Abandoned abbey
 Still highly stylised so not typical painting could be photo
 Romantic feature
o few people
o return to nature because abbey is ruined
 many poems about the abbey because of the inspiring nature, of Wordsworth’s poem
 Painting 2: Turner
o Also Tintern abbey 1794
1. the ‘mind-forg’d manacles’
 Poem London Blake word pops up (60)
 Minds are constrained by world around us
 Rousseau (1712-1778)
o Social contract (how people should behave in society)
 Idea of limited freedom
 Not listen to laws (looks normal now)
 Society organised by will of people (before democracy)
 We are born as free people, but being civilised made us mind forg’d
manacles
o Émile, ou de l’éducation: Noble savage
 People uncivilised, no strains (no mind forg’d manacles)
 So child is noble (closer to natural state)
o Responsible for the ideas of French revolution
 Edmund Burke (1729-1797)
o Father of conservative movement (before 2016)
o Stood for rightful treatment
o Not a fan of French revolution because it overthrew society as it was back then
o Reflections on the revolution in France
o A philosophical enquiry into the Origins of our ideas of the sublime and beautiful
 Neoclassicism is an art of the beautiful and romanticism is an art of the
sublime
 Beautiful can be attained, sublime can we strive to but never attain
o Painting Turner snowstorm (SUBLIME)
 Overwhelming, terrifying (sort of beauty)
 Definition sublime (see quote) effort to capture something beyond
reason
 Thomas Paine (1737-1809)
o Book common sense
 For break with English monarchy
 Decide our own destiny and fate
o Rights of men (1791)
 French monarchy abolished
o Wollstonecraft: vindication of the rights of men (women) (1790, 1792)
 Agree with Thomas Paine
 What about women ? (ironic excuses to own sex)
 William Godwin (1756-1836)
o An anarchist = radical self-rule, argued for complete abolition of monarchy
o Thins as they are, The adventures of Caleb Williams (1794)

, o An Enquiry concerning political justice (1790)
 Response to Edmund Burke
o W. and G. are the parents of Mary Shelly
o Hero for many poets
1. Anna Laetitia Barbauld (1743-1825)
 Oldest to be called romantic (she is getting there)
 Very progressive woman (in favour of French revolution)
 Fell quickly out of favour for being too progressive
 Poem: Rights of women (p36) SEE BOOK
o Unromantic: ?????
1. The Lake poets: Wordsworth and Coleridge
 Called this way because they moved to lake district (more and more did this)
 Walk and think about the environment
 Wordsworth (1770-1850)
o Definition of poetry: “Spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its
origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity”
o 1795: moved to lake district
o Lines written in early spring (129) SEE BOOK
o The world is too much with us (189) SEE BOOK
o Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey (131-135) SEE BOOK
o Ode: Intimations of Immortality from recollections of early childhood

LES 12/10: the big six (2nd generation) NOTHING ABOUT BYRON
 Painting intro
o Lord Byron
o Ironic hero/ tormented hero (border between good and evil)
o Presented as romantic but is not
o Emphasis on imagination, nature
o Death is shown (died all very young: Shelley, Keats, Byron)
 Second painting
o Poet who dies young and was a hero to the romantic writers
 EXAM
o Never give a name of author, know yourself
o how poems can be asked
 Give a famous line and you need to say who wrote it and why
o Give a passage and say why it is typical for the author and the features of
romanticism
o Two passages and compare them
1. The big six part two: Coleridge- Byron, Shelley, Keats
 Ode: Intimations of Immortality from recollections of early childhood (181) SEE BOOK
(to Coleridge)
 Coleridge (1722-1834)
o Was friend with Wordsworth (wrote together Lyrical Ballads)
o Quote from Biographia Literaria talking about lyrical ballads
 For Coleridge poetry depends on willing suspension of disbelief
 Believe in science fiction when you have to
o Tell us what literature should be and do
o Was kind of a Saint (visit him for advice)
o Was an opium addict (write about that)
o Was kind of an idealist (started his own utopia in America)

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