Garantie de satisfaction à 100% Disponible immédiatement après paiement En ligne et en PDF Tu n'es attaché à rien
logo-home
Recherché précédemment par vous
Recherché précédemment par vous
logo
College aantekeningen 20th century literature modernism €18,66
Ajouter au panier
Accédez rapidement à
Aperçu
  2.  
  3. Universiteit Antwerpen (UA)
  4.  
  5. Taal En Letterkunde
  6.  
  7. 20th century literature modernism

Notes de cours

College aantekeningen 20th century literature modernism

 19 vues  1 fois vendu

Dit zijn notities van het vak, maar tegelijkertijd een heel overzichtelijke en gedetailleerde samenvatting.

Aperçu 4 sur 57  pages

Infos sur le Document

  • 28 mars 2024
  • 57
  • 2023/2024
  • Notes de cours
  • Olga beloborodova
  • Toutes les classes

Sujets

École, étude et sujet

Tous les documents sur ce sujet (1)

Vendeur

avatar-seller
axelleleuridan

Aperçu du contenu

20th century literature in English 1
LES 2/10: defining modernism
General course overview
Introduction to modernism
 Break vs. continuity
o Romanticism
o Realism
o Modernism
o Postmodernism
o Action and reaction → interaction
o Fluid and porous borders ≠ radical break
o ‘The danger is in the neatness of identification’ (Becket)
 Not too quick in labelling things
 Modern
o Modern: from Latin modo (current)
o Extremely polysemic
o Linguistics: ‘modern’ English vs. middle English
o Literature
 Modern period = from 16th century onwards (Shakespeare Milton)
 More specific use: avant-garde (late 19th century)
 Modernity
o First used by Baudelaire in Essay ‘The painter of modern life’
 Modernity = the fashionable, fleeting and contingent in art as opposed to the
eternal and immutable
 Not here to stay
o Imprecise term
 From the Renaissance onwards (16th century)
 Starting with 17th century scientific revolutions (Galileo, Newton,…)
Enlightenment
 Michel Foucault (1986): ‘modernity’ = an ATTITUDE rather than an epoch
o Modernity = extremely anthropocentric (human experience as focal point)
o Defenders (Habermas)
 Progress and productivity leads to gradual emancipation of human beings
 Extension of Enlightenment optimism (?)
 Ongoing project (never-ending)
o Critics
 Material benefit, but no individual autonomy
 No meaning, just change and transformation
 European global expansion → Eurocentrism
o Theorized by sociologists different focus
 Emile Durkheim: division of labour in modern production
 Max Weber: disenchantment of reason
 Ferdinand Tönnies
 Shift from Gemeinschaft = rural closely knit community to
 Gesellschaft = urban anonymous society
o Frankfurter Schule (critical theory)
 Very Marxist and critical, they wanted to question the way things are
theorized (culture, economy, politics,…)

,  Theodor Adorno
 Max Horkheimer
 Walter Benjamin: ‘nightmare of history’ as modernists saw
it (cf. Ulysses)
 Modernist have very complicated relationship
with history
 Describing painting ‘Angelus Novus’
o Not a happy picture (see highlighted
words)
o Angel does not want to move forward, but
has to
o Dark imagery
o Urbanization by 1900
 Mass migration from country side to city
 Large number of people in cities: London & New York: 5 million– Paris: 3
million– Berlin: 2 million
o Due to technological changes
 Kodak Camera (1888)
 electric motor (1888)
 Diesel Engine (1892)
 Ford motor car (1893)
 Model T
o First affordable car
o assembly line
o conveyor belt
 Assembly line
o Modern times (1936)
 Human beings feeling small towards assembly
line, huge machine → alienation
o Gramophone, radio, cinematograph, X-ray, air flight
o Travel more modern: wright brothers first flight (1903)
 automobile– motor bus– aeroplane (‘skywriting’ in Mrs. Dalloway)– tractor
o Domestic appliances: electric kettles, electric irons– telephone, radio– refrigerators
o Eiffel tower: colonise the sky
o Le Corbusier: architecture as means to change society
 Utopian projects
o Different responses to technological progress:
 Celebratory: Marinetti
 ‘We say that the world’s magnificence has been enriched by a new
beauty: the beauty of speed. A racing car whose hood is adorned
with great pipes, like serpents of explosive breath [...]. Time and
Space died yesterday. We already live in the absolute because we
have created eternal, omnipresent speed’ (‘The Manifesto of
Futurism’, 1909)
 Celebratory: Le Corbusier
 ‘Cars, cars, fast, fast! One is seized, filled with enthusiasm, with joy ...
the joy of power. The simple and naive pleasure of being in the midst
of power, of strength’ (1924)
 Despairing, apocalyptic (T.S. Eliot, W.B. Yeats, Ezra Pound)
 Most of anglophone literary modernism

,Writing assignment

LES 9/10: introduction modernism + re-minding modernism
Introduction modernism
 Pioneering thinkers (not really talk about each person, but related to texts)
o Karl Marx (1818-1883)
 Social, political and economic theorist
 Communist Manifesto (1848)
 Das Kapital (1867-1894)
 Capitalism thrives on recurrent crises (Modernism =
literature of the crisis)
 Destabilizes society and causes alienation
 Crucial for modernism
 What am I doing and what am I doing this for
 Lose big picture, only small part of conveyer belt
 Loss of old values to egalitarian nature of capitalism
o Charles Darwin (1809-1882)
 English naturalist
 The origin of species by means of natural selection
(1859)
 Nature (including human) was not static but evolving
 Evolution = cyclical movement, not linear progression
 Questioned religious dominance = not divine creation, but
pure chance
 Human being – just another species
 Consequences
 Social Darwinism (Spencer)
o survival of the fittest
 Eugenics (Galton)
 Degeneration (Nordau)
 Colonialism = social and racial superiority of the European civilisation
 Cf. Heart of Darkness
o Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
 Austrian neurologist
 Psychoanalysis and Traumdeutung
 Ego = between id and super-ego (psychosis/neurosis)
 Society = repression of desire (sexual)
 Psychoanalysis (term coined in 1896) principle of free
association
 ~ James: stream of consciousness
 Mind as an object of science
o Henri Bergson (1859-1941)
 French philosopher
 Chronological time (clocks) = different from duration
(personal time)
 Time is not objective, but differently experienced by each
individual
 Mrs Dalloway
o Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
 German philologist and philosopher

,  The birth of a tragedy (1872)
 Apollonian vs. Dionysian experience (ratio vs. pleasure)
 Also sprach Zarathustra (1883-92)
 God is dead
 Theory of Übermensch
o Abused by political powers
o Transcends God and morality
o ‘Become what you are’
o Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913)
 Swiss linguist
 Course in general linguistics (1916, published after
death)
 Language = arbitrary, socially constructed, not
divine or natural
 Langue (language as constructed system) / parole
(language as utterance or speech act)
 Words meaningless in absolute terms = only in
relation to each other
 Basis for structuralism, semiotics and poststructuralism
o Albert Einstein (1879-1955)
 German mathematical physicist
 Theory of relativity overturned Newtonian physics
 No physical law in reliable, contingency
 Always relative to observer’s position
 Embraced and discussed by artists
 Narrative relativity of Modernism
 Multiple focalisation
 Unreliable narrator
 Subjectivity
 Vs. (stable) Newtonian universe in realist novels
o = intellectual context of modernism
 Defining modernism
o Modernism period
 Modernism as period = approx. 1890-1930 (safe answer)
 1922 = ‘annus mirabilis’
o The Waste land T.S. Eliot (poem)
o Ulysses Joyce (novel)
o Mansfield The Garden Party (story)
 But: Beckett? (died in 1989) is he a modernist? = arguable
 Most of works written in that period = not modernist
o Modernism: genre
 Modernism as a genre = innovation and novelty, the wish to be different and
new
 Experimental
 Formally complex
 Elliptical
 Self-reflexive
 Apocalyptical
 Uncertainty of reality
 Typical formal properties
 In media res

Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Qualité garantie par les avis des clients

Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.

L’achat facile et rapide

L’achat facile et rapide

Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.

Focus sur l’essentiel

Focus sur l’essentiel

Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.

Foire aux questions

Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?

Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.

Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?

Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.

Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?

Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur axelleleuridan. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.

Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?

Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €18,66. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.

Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?

4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)

51292 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours

Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 15 ans

Commencez à vendre!
€18,66  1x  vendu
  • (0)
Ajouter au panier
Ajouté