Notes de cours
Lecture notes Key challenges to the welfare state ()
- Cours
- Établissement
In this document you will find all lectures given by Marcel Hoogenboom and his colleagues + extra notes taken during the lectures
[Montrer plus]
Vendeur
S'abonner
lanakilian
Avis reçus
Aperçu du contenu
Hoorcollege 1What is a welfare state:
- One of the most powerful institutions of the 20th century and beyond
- The result of a long historical development
- Today:
- Knowing and understanding its development, both then and now
- Knowing and understanding major social changes and how these challenge
the welfare state today and in the future
- What a welfare state is and what it should be is highly contested
3 definitions of a welfare state:
- Van Doorn (1978): “The welfare state embodies the formulation of a social
guarantee: society, organized as a nation state, guarantees all citizens a reasonable
standard of living.”
- Wilensky (1975): “The essence of the welfare state is government protected
minimum standards of income, nutrition, health, housing, and education assured to
every citizen as a political right, not as charity."
- Thoenes (1962): “The welfare state is a society type, which is characterized by a
democratic system of government care, which guarantees the collective social
welfare of its subjects, while the capitalist production system remains largely
unaltered.”
- Only in democracies? If so, why? → the welfare state originated from a period
where most workers were labors and they organized themselves in labor
unions, purpose welfare state: protecting people from becoming poor, this is
linked to democracy
- Is the government the only provider of welfare state services? → in Belgium
there is a labor union instead of the government who helps people who get
unemployed. The health care in the Netherlands is organised by private
entities
- What is “collective”? Who is part of the collective? → Migrants are not always
part of collective
- Only in capitalist countries? If so, why? → things could be traded on a free
market by everyone
Components welfare state:
- Social security
- Unemployment, sickness and disability benefits
- Pensions
- Maternity and parental leave
- Social assistance (everybody is entitled to it (bijstand))
- Health care
- Collective health insurance
, - Funding of hospitals, rehabilitation centers
- Education
- Funding of schools, universities
- Student grants
- Compulsory education laws
- Social housing
- Funding of/subsidies for affordable homes
- Property regulations
- Social welfare
- Elderly people’s homes
- Community centers
- Debt assistance
- Shelters for homeless people
- Etc etc?
- Mortgage deduction (the middles classes welfare state)
- Tax cuts
This course is about the interrelationship between the welfare state and social change:
- Then: the origins of the welfare state
- Now: welfare state change
-
The origins of the welfare state (1)
Social change: three drivers:
- Industrialization:
- From agriculture to industry
- Migration and urbanisation
- Individualisation:
- Disintegration of traditional communities
- Quest for individual rights
- Rise of the nation/national state:
- Bureaucracy and control
- Quest for national unity
The origins of the welfare state (2)
- Bismarck’s start (Germany, 1880s):
- First social insurance acts in history
, - Protection of blue-collar workers
- 1900-1940: other countries follow
- After World War II: further expansion:
- More categories of populations covered (non-workers, women etc.)
- Schemes become more generous
- The Golden Age of the welfare state (1950s-1970s)
The origins of the welfare state (1)
Gøsta Esping Andersen:
- The three worlds of welfare capitalism (1990)
- Institutional differences between welfare states:
- Who is entitled to what and when? (= “eligibility”)
- Generosity: benefit levels
- Immunization from market dependency (“decommodification”)
- Three welfare state regime types:
- Liberal welfare state
- All citizens covered (but means-tested)
- Generosity: low
- Decommodification: low
- Examples: UK, Ireland, USA, Australia
- Conservative welfare state
- Mainly (male) breadwinners covered
- Generosity: rather high
- Decommodification: medium
- Examples: Germany, France, Austria
- Social democratic welfare state
- All citizens covered
, - Generosity: high
- Decommodification: high
- Examples: Sweden, Norway, Denmark
Esping Andersen and his critics:
- “Types are caricatures”
- What about:
- Southern Europe: the family
- Eastern Europe: communist past
- Hybrids: the netherlands
- 1 It is too rigid
- 2 Esping Anderson’s typology is outdated because it was made a long time
ago
The welfare state after the golden age:
- The crisis of the welfare state (1975 - present?)
- Economic crisis of the 1970s and 1980s
- The rise of neo-liberalism
Welfare state reform:
- 1980s and early 1990s:
- Spending cuts
- Restriction of access
- Late 1990s and 2000s:
- New organizational structures
- New policy types: activation, socialization, etc
- 2010s and 2020s:
- Preparing for ‘aged society’
- Facing calamities (financial crisis, COVID-19, etc)
This course: five processes of social change
1. Post-industrialization:
a. Services, flexibilization and life-long-learning
b. The end of the steady job?
2. (Hyper-) individualization:
a. Welfare state and individual choice
b. Activation and participation
3. Gender
a. Labour market participation of women
b. De-familiarization
4. Ageing
a. Population ageing and “de-greening”
b. Rising health care costs and labour shortages
Les avantages d'acheter des résumés chez Stuvia:
Qualité garantie par les avis des clients
Les clients de Stuvia ont évalués plus de 700 000 résumés. C'est comme ça que vous savez que vous achetez les meilleurs documents.
L’achat facile et rapide
Vous pouvez payer rapidement avec iDeal, carte de crédit ou Stuvia-crédit pour les résumés. Il n'y a pas d'adhésion nécessaire.
Focus sur l’essentiel
Vos camarades écrivent eux-mêmes les notes d’étude, c’est pourquoi les documents sont toujours fiables et à jour. Cela garantit que vous arrivez rapidement au coeur du matériel.
Foire aux questions
Qu'est-ce que j'obtiens en achetant ce document ?
Vous obtenez un PDF, disponible immédiatement après votre achat. Le document acheté est accessible à tout moment, n'importe où et indéfiniment via votre profil.
Garantie de remboursement : comment ça marche ?
Notre garantie de satisfaction garantit que vous trouverez toujours un document d'étude qui vous convient. Vous remplissez un formulaire et notre équipe du service client s'occupe du reste.
Auprès de qui est-ce que j'achète ce résumé ?
Stuvia est une place de marché. Alors, vous n'achetez donc pas ce document chez nous, mais auprès du vendeur lanakilian. Stuvia facilite les paiements au vendeur.
Est-ce que j'aurai un abonnement?
Non, vous n'achetez ce résumé que pour €4,99. Vous n'êtes lié à rien après votre achat.
Peut-on faire confiance à Stuvia ?
4.6 étoiles sur Google & Trustpilot (+1000 avis)
54879 résumés ont été vendus ces 30 derniers jours
Fondée en 2010, la référence pour acheter des résumés depuis déjà 14 ans