Inhoud
Oxidatie ladders ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Hoofdstuk 2 eiwit compositie en structuur .................................................................................................. 5
Eiwit structuren......................................................................................................................................... 5
Aminozuren ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Secundaire structuur............................................................................................................................. 7
Tertiaire structuur ................................................................................................................................. 8
Quaternaire structuur ........................................................................................................................... 8
Eiwit functies ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Enzymen ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Eiwit detectie .......................................................................................................................................... 11
SDS Page.............................................................................................................................................. 11
Blotting ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Hoofdstuk 11 koolhydraten ........................................................................................................................ 12
Isomeren ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Formatie ringstructuur............................................................................................................................ 15
Ruimtelijke structuur .............................................................................................................................. 17
Glycosidebindingen ................................................................................................................................. 17
Disachariden en polysachariden ............................................................................................................. 18
Disachariden ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Polysachariden .................................................................................................................................... 19
Glycoproteïnen ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Antigenen in bloed .................................................................................................................................. 20
Ontgifting ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Hoofdstuk 12 Lipiden en celmembranen.................................................................................................... 22
Transport................................................................................................................................................. 23
Membraan componenten ....................................................................................................................... 23
Fosfolipiden......................................................................................................................................... 25
Glycolipiden ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Cholesterol .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Membraan compositie ............................................................................................................................ 30
Liposomen ........................................................................................................................................... 30
1
, Eiwitten ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Flipflop ................................................................................................................................................ 33
Hoofdstuk 13 membraan kanalen en pompen ........................................................................................... 33
Na+ K+ pomp (Na+/K+-ATPase [ATPase: splitst ATP, als K+ en Na+ aanwezig zijn]) .............................. 35
Food absorption .................................................................................................................................. 36
P-type ATPases (SERCA pomp) ................................................................................................................ 36
Multidrug resistance (MDR) en ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters ............................................. 37
ATP binding Casette (ABC) transporters ............................................................................................. 37
Glucose transporters........................................................................................................................... 38
Secundaire transporters ......................................................................................................................... 38
Lactose permease ............................................................................................................................... 39
Specifieke ion-kanalen ............................................................................................................................ 39
Ion specifiteit ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Chloride-anion (Cl¯) en HCO3-kanaal.................................................................................................. 40
Zenuwimpulsen en action potential ....................................................................................................... 41
Gap junctions .......................................................................................................................................... 43
Connexin ............................................................................................................................................. 43
Tight junctions......................................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 16 glycolyse en gluconeogenese ............................................................................................... 44
2 stadia .................................................................................................................................................... 45
Glycolyse stadium 1 ............................................................................................................................ 47
Glycolyse stadium 2 ............................................................................................................................ 48
Enzymen .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Functies van de glycolyse ........................................................................................................................ 51
Gluconeogenese ..................................................................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 17 de citroenzuurcyclus ............................................................................................................ 55
Koolstofatomen ...................................................................................................................................... 56
Acetyl CoA ............................................................................................................................................... 57
ATP productie.......................................................................................................................................... 57
Pyruvaat .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Cyclus met TPP/FAD ............................................................................................................................ 59
Pyruvaat dehydrogenase complex ...................................................................................................... 59
Beri Beri en Korsakoff ............................................................................................................................. 60
2
, Dihydrolipoamide en arsenite ................................................................................................................ 60
Glyoxylaat cyclus ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Hoofdstuk 18 oxidatieve fosforylatie .......................................................................................................... 61
Redoxreacties.......................................................................................................................................... 62
De 4 enzymcomplexen ............................................................................................................................ 66
Complex 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 67
Complex 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Complex 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Complex 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Vorming superoxide ion .......................................................................................................................... 70
Ademhalingscontrole .............................................................................................................................. 71
Blokkade elektronen transport ............................................................................................................... 72
Hoofdstuk 22 vetzuur metabolisme ........................................................................................................... 73
Fotosynthese............................................................................................................................................... 80
Autotrofen .............................................................................................................................................. 80
Chloroplasten .......................................................................................................................................... 81
Stappen in fotosynthese ......................................................................................................................... 82
Mangaan ............................................................................................................................................. 83
Lichtreacties ........................................................................................................................................ 83
Calvin cyclus (donkere reacties) .......................................................................................................... 83
Fotosynthetische pigmenten .................................................................................................................. 85
Elektronen ............................................................................................................................................... 86
Chlorofyl .................................................................................................................................................. 86
Fotosystemen.......................................................................................................................................... 88
Ferredoxin ........................................................................................................................................... 90
Fotorespiratie.......................................................................................................................................... 90
Licht absorptie ........................................................................................................................................ 91
Cyclische elektronen flow ....................................................................................................................... 92
Samenvatting van lichtreacties en hoofdstuk 19 .................................................................................... 92
Secundaire metabolieten ............................................................................................................................ 93
Metabolisme (plant) ............................................................................................................................... 93
Functies ................................................................................................................................................... 93
Secundaire metabolieten ........................................................................................................................ 95
3
, Terpenen ............................................................................................................................................. 95
Fenolen ............................................................................................................................................... 97
N-bevattende componenten ............................................................................................................ 100
Wax ....................................................................................................................................................... 101
Oxidatie ladders
4
Oxidatie ladders ........................................................................................................................................ 4
Hoofdstuk 2 eiwit compositie en structuur .................................................................................................. 5
Eiwit structuren......................................................................................................................................... 5
Aminozuren ........................................................................................................................................... 5
Secundaire structuur............................................................................................................................. 7
Tertiaire structuur ................................................................................................................................. 8
Quaternaire structuur ........................................................................................................................... 8
Eiwit functies ............................................................................................................................................. 9
Enzymen ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Eiwit detectie .......................................................................................................................................... 11
SDS Page.............................................................................................................................................. 11
Blotting ................................................................................................................................................ 11
Hoofdstuk 11 koolhydraten ........................................................................................................................ 12
Isomeren ................................................................................................................................................. 14
Formatie ringstructuur............................................................................................................................ 15
Ruimtelijke structuur .............................................................................................................................. 17
Glycosidebindingen ................................................................................................................................. 17
Disachariden en polysachariden ............................................................................................................. 18
Disachariden ....................................................................................................................................... 18
Polysachariden .................................................................................................................................... 19
Glycoproteïnen ....................................................................................................................................... 20
Antigenen in bloed .................................................................................................................................. 20
Ontgifting ................................................................................................................................................ 21
Hoofdstuk 12 Lipiden en celmembranen.................................................................................................... 22
Transport................................................................................................................................................. 23
Membraan componenten ....................................................................................................................... 23
Fosfolipiden......................................................................................................................................... 25
Glycolipiden ........................................................................................................................................ 28
Cholesterol .......................................................................................................................................... 29
Membraan compositie ............................................................................................................................ 30
Liposomen ........................................................................................................................................... 30
1
, Eiwitten ................................................................................................................................................... 31
Flipflop ................................................................................................................................................ 33
Hoofdstuk 13 membraan kanalen en pompen ........................................................................................... 33
Na+ K+ pomp (Na+/K+-ATPase [ATPase: splitst ATP, als K+ en Na+ aanwezig zijn]) .............................. 35
Food absorption .................................................................................................................................. 36
P-type ATPases (SERCA pomp) ................................................................................................................ 36
Multidrug resistance (MDR) en ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters ............................................. 37
ATP binding Casette (ABC) transporters ............................................................................................. 37
Glucose transporters........................................................................................................................... 38
Secundaire transporters ......................................................................................................................... 38
Lactose permease ............................................................................................................................... 39
Specifieke ion-kanalen ............................................................................................................................ 39
Ion specifiteit ...................................................................................................................................... 40
Chloride-anion (Cl¯) en HCO3-kanaal.................................................................................................. 40
Zenuwimpulsen en action potential ....................................................................................................... 41
Gap junctions .......................................................................................................................................... 43
Connexin ............................................................................................................................................. 43
Tight junctions......................................................................................................................................... 43
Hoofdstuk 16 glycolyse en gluconeogenese ............................................................................................... 44
2 stadia .................................................................................................................................................... 45
Glycolyse stadium 1 ............................................................................................................................ 47
Glycolyse stadium 2 ............................................................................................................................ 48
Enzymen .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Functies van de glycolyse ........................................................................................................................ 51
Gluconeogenese ..................................................................................................................................... 52
Hoofdstuk 17 de citroenzuurcyclus ............................................................................................................ 55
Koolstofatomen ...................................................................................................................................... 56
Acetyl CoA ............................................................................................................................................... 57
ATP productie.......................................................................................................................................... 57
Pyruvaat .................................................................................................................................................. 58
Cyclus met TPP/FAD ............................................................................................................................ 59
Pyruvaat dehydrogenase complex ...................................................................................................... 59
Beri Beri en Korsakoff ............................................................................................................................. 60
2
, Dihydrolipoamide en arsenite ................................................................................................................ 60
Glyoxylaat cyclus ..................................................................................................................................... 61
Hoofdstuk 18 oxidatieve fosforylatie .......................................................................................................... 61
Redoxreacties.......................................................................................................................................... 62
De 4 enzymcomplexen ............................................................................................................................ 66
Complex 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 67
Complex 2 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Complex 3 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Complex 4 ........................................................................................................................................... 69
Vorming superoxide ion .......................................................................................................................... 70
Ademhalingscontrole .............................................................................................................................. 71
Blokkade elektronen transport ............................................................................................................... 72
Hoofdstuk 22 vetzuur metabolisme ........................................................................................................... 73
Fotosynthese............................................................................................................................................... 80
Autotrofen .............................................................................................................................................. 80
Chloroplasten .......................................................................................................................................... 81
Stappen in fotosynthese ......................................................................................................................... 82
Mangaan ............................................................................................................................................. 83
Lichtreacties ........................................................................................................................................ 83
Calvin cyclus (donkere reacties) .......................................................................................................... 83
Fotosynthetische pigmenten .................................................................................................................. 85
Elektronen ............................................................................................................................................... 86
Chlorofyl .................................................................................................................................................. 86
Fotosystemen.......................................................................................................................................... 88
Ferredoxin ........................................................................................................................................... 90
Fotorespiratie.......................................................................................................................................... 90
Licht absorptie ........................................................................................................................................ 91
Cyclische elektronen flow ....................................................................................................................... 92
Samenvatting van lichtreacties en hoofdstuk 19 .................................................................................... 92
Secundaire metabolieten ............................................................................................................................ 93
Metabolisme (plant) ............................................................................................................................... 93
Functies ................................................................................................................................................... 93
Secundaire metabolieten ........................................................................................................................ 95
3
, Terpenen ............................................................................................................................................. 95
Fenolen ............................................................................................................................................... 97
N-bevattende componenten ............................................................................................................ 100
Wax ....................................................................................................................................................... 101
Oxidatie ladders
4
