Get ready to pass your Grade 10 Agricultural Sciences exam with our comprehensive Note Set. This colorful and visually appealing study guide is filled with all the important notes you need for exam preparation and quick revision. The well-organized content will help you grasp key concepts and under...
, Ecosystem energy flow
1. The sun (non-living) is the main source of energy in an
ecosystem
2. Plants (living) turn solar energy into chemical energy, in the
LIVING form of carbohydrates
• Primary consumers: Plants and algae that use energy from the sun for growth. 3. animals eat the plants and absorb the energy
• Secondary consumers: Animals that eat primary consumers. 4. Energy is transferred from one living thing to the next
• Tertiary consumers: Animals that eat secondary consumers.
[PRODUCER → organism that produces its own food] (1) FOOD CHAINS
• Algae → rootless plant-like organisms growing in water (producer in the ocean)
[FOOD CHAIN → Flow of energy when one
• [Microscopic algae = plankton] organism feeds on another]
[CONSUMER → organism that eats other organisms (derived from plants)] → way to show direction of ENERGY FLOW from one
Z Herbivores: organism that only eats plants trophic level to the next
→ order of organisms in which each one "eats" the one
Oceanic herbivores > eat plankton before him in the chain and is eaten by the one who
Land-herbivores > plant material (leaves, wood, nectar etc.) comes to him
** ALWAYS STARTS WITH A PRODUCER AND ENDS WITH A
Z Omnivore: animal that eats plants and animals [e.g. baboon, warthog & human] CONSUMER/DECOMPOSER
Z Carnivore: animal that eats animals
o Predator: animal that hunts its food (leopard)
o Scavengers: animal that eats dead animals (hyenas, vultures)
o Insectivore: Insect eating animals (anteaters, moles)
DECOMPOSERS
= breaks down waste products and bodies of
(2) FOOD WEBS
dead organisms > decomposition [FOOD WEB → food chains that are
= bacteria & fungi interconnected]
= releases energy that has accumulated in
the bodies of the dead organisms
= accurate representation of how energy
= SAPROTROPHE = dead organic substance
flows into ecosystems
GROWERS [PLANTS]
CONSUMERS = "AUTOTROPY" > self-nourishing >
= can't make own food make own food [chlorophyll]
= eat others to gain energy
= "heterotroph" > feeding on others
, (3) FOOD PYRAMIDS NUTRIENT CYCLES
[[FOOD PYRAMIDS/ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMIDS→ diagram representing
the different numbers of
organisms/amount of biomass at
each trophic level]
NUMBER PYRAMIDS ENERGY - PYRAMIDS
→ size of population at each BIOMASS - PYRAMIDS → Shows energy loss at every
level → Biomass = mass of living level
plant & animal material → relative amount of energy
[grams of dry mass / m2] available at each trophic
level
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