Cardiovascular Accident (CVA) aka Stroke (Exam 1) with Complete Solutions

Cardiovascular Accident (CVA) aka Stroke (Exam 1) with Complete Solutions CVA Definition: The sudden death of brain cells due to lack of oxygen, caused by blockage of blood flow or rupture of an artery to the brain. Types of Stroke: Hemorrhagic stroke: Occurs when a weakened blood vessel in the brain ruptures Ischemic Stroke: Occurs when there is a blockage in a blood vessel of the brain. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): "mini stroke", partial or temporary occlusion or artery in the brain Risk Factors for Stroke: Race Age Heredity Obesity Hypertension (HTN) Smoking TIA Geographic location Diabetes Oral contraceptives Prior stroke Heart disease Alcoholism Signs & Symptoms of a Stroke: F - Face drooping A - Arm weakness S - Speech difficulty T - Time to call 9-1-1 Additional signs of a Stroke Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, usually on one side of the body Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or understanding speech Sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination Sudden severe headache, with no known cause. Incidence & Prevalence of Strokes 3rd leading cause of death in US Most common diagnosis seen by OTs on rehab units 2 million stroke survivors in US at any one time: 10% - full recovery 40% mild disability 50% - severe disability Ischemic strokes - 80% of all strokes Hemorrhagic strokes - 20% of all strokes Decreased incidence of stroke recently: changes in lifestyle Stroke survivors living 2x as long Ischemic Stroke: General Information: Caused by blockage of a blood vessel in the brain Cell death occurs 5-10 minutes after loss of O2 Brain cells do not regenerate Types of Ischemic Stroke: Thrombotic Stroke Embolic Stroke Lacunar Stroke Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIAs) Thrombotic Stroke: Blood vessel narrows until blockage occurs Most often caused by atherosclerosis Often occur while a person is sleeping 60% of ischemic stroke Embolic Stroke: Due to a clot from else where that blocks a vessel More likely to occur during the day - perhaps following a sudden movement or sneeze. Seizures are sometimes associated with this type of stroke. Lacunar Stroke: Small infarcts deep in the brain May impact the basal ganglia, thalamus, internal capsule. May cause pure motor or pure sensory stroke Will not cause visual, language or cognitive changes HTN - most common cause