CHEM120 Week 7 Assignment: Biochemistry Part 2 and Flow of Genetic Information – Download To Score An A+

CHEM120 Week 7 Assignment: Biochemistry Part 2 and Flow of Genetic Information – Download To Score An A+ Laboratory 11: DNA, mRNA and Polypeptide Learning Objectives: • Learn about nuclei c acids • Predict the sequence of a complementary strand of DNA based on the sequence of DNA • Predict the sequence of mRNA based on the sequence of DNA • Predict the sequence of a • polypeptide based on the sequence of mRNA Information stored in DNA (genes) is responsible for all our bodily functions. In the process known as transcription, DNA is used as a template to form mRNA. In this way, stored genetic information is converted to the language of “codons” (genetic code). Within the ribosomes, these codons of mRNA are translated into amino acids to form polypeptides. These polypeptides fold based on their primary sequence to form three-dimensional proteins, which are responsible for functions that occur in a cell. In this laboratory exercise, we will study DNA and the flow of genetic information. We learn to predict the sequence of the complementary strand of DNA based on the given strand of DNA, predict mRNA and polypeptide sequences, and extract DNA from strawberries. Note to Students: • Read the lab before coming to class. The expectation at Chamberlain (CCN/CU) is that you come to class fully prepared for lab. • Always dress properly for lab. Be sure to ware closed toed shoes and long pants to lab. In lab, ware your safety equipment including goggles, lab coat, and gloves. • Always check with your instructor regarding proper waste disposal. • Listen carefully to the professor’s instructions and work safely. • Always follow the rules outlined in the safety contract. • If in doubt of how to use a piece of lab equipment, as you instructor. Improper use of lab equipment can be dangerous or could damage lab materials. • If you have any safety concerns, see your instructor. • Use deionized water (DI water) in your experiments. Exploration 1: Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA are two main types of nucleic acids in a cell. DNA is the stored genetic information in an organism while RNA has many different functions such as serving as a messenger for protein synthesis, making ribosomes, participating in protein synthesis and regulatory roles. Complete the following table (Table 1) about the composition of DNA and RNA. Table 1: Sugar Phosphate present? Nitrogen base DNA RNA Materials: DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis modeling kit Use the modeling kit to build the following sequence of DNA (parental strand). - TATGCTTCCGTA – Assume that DNA Polymerase will read the parental strand of DNA given above, what will be the DNA sequence synthesized? Write the DNA sequence in the space below and use the modeling kit to build DNA sequence. Questions: 1. What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose? 2. Describe the differences between secondary structures of DNA and RNA. 3. If the sequence of one strand of DNA is TAACGTACGGCA, what will be the sequence of the complimentary strand? Exploration 2: Flow of Genetic Information Materials: DNA, RNA and Protein synthesis modeling kit Use the parental strand of DNA made in exploration 1. - TATGCTTCCGTA - Assume that RNA Polymerase will read the parental strand of DNA given above, what will be the mRNA sequence synthesized? Write the mRNA sequence in the space below and use the modeling kit to build mRNA sequence. Based upon the mRNA sequence above, what is the peptide sequence? Write the peptide sequence in the space below and use the modeling kit to build polypeptide sequence. Exploration 3: Effects of Mutation If there was a mutation in the DNA sequence above (C in 5th position was changed to A) giving the following DNA sequence, what would be the resulting mRNA and peptide sequence? Use the modeling kit to build mutated DNA sequence, mRNA and peptide and write the sequences in the space below. - TATGATTCCGTA – If there was a mutation in the DNA sequence above (A is inserted at 6th position) giving the following DNA sequence, what would be the resulting mRNA and peptide sequence? Use the modeling kit to build mutated DNA sequence, mRNA and peptide and write the sequences in the space below. - TATGCATTCCGTA - Part 4: Extraction of DNA from Strawberries Materials: Strawberries, 1 resealable plastic bag, 2 teaspoons dish detergent, 1 teaspoon salt, 2 beakers (250 mL), 1 coffee filter, 90% rubbing alcohol (ice cold), 1 wooden popsicle stick or plastic coffee stirrer Method: 1. Mash a strawberry in a sealed plastic bag for two minutes 2. Prepare DNA extraction solution in 250 mL beaker a. 2 teaspoons of dish detergent b. 1 teaspoon of salt c. 240 mL water 3. Add 2 teaspoons of DNA extraction solution to mashed strawberry in plastic bag. 4. Seal the plastic bag and mash strawberry for 1 minute 5. Place coffee filter over a new 250 mL beaker 6. Pour strawberry mixture onto the coffee filter and allow liquid to flow through the filter 7. Estimate the volume of the filtered liquid. Pour down the side of the beaker and equal amount of cold rubbing alcohol. DO NOT MIX OR STIR. 8. Within a few minutes, a white cloudy substance will appear at the top of the mixture. This substance is the DNA. 9. Tip the cup to the side and used the coffee stirrer or wooden stick to pick up the DNA. Questions: 1. What is the purpose of mashing the strawberries? 2. Why is detergent needed to break open cells? 3. What is the purpose of the salt and rubbing alcohol? Reflection: What did you learn from this lab? Your response should be of sufficient length to answer all questions fully (Typically 10-14 sentences). References: Adapted from Chemistry for Changing Times, 14th Edition, John W. Hill and Terry W. McCreary, Pearson, 2016. Grading Rubric: Activity Deliverable Points Exploration 1 Complete table 1 and Answer questions- 6 points 6 Exploration 2 Complete building the models and Answer questions- 6 points 6 Exploration 3 Complete building the models and Answer questions- 6 points 6 Exploration 4 Complete hands-on work and Answer questions- 7 points 7 Reflection Write a 10-15 sentence laboratory reflection. -3 points APA style, grammar, fully answers questions posed in reflection -2 points 5 All Lab Deliverables Complete ALL explorations and reflection activities 30