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CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE ACADEMIC ENGAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS, Schemes and Mind Maps of Research Methods in Psychology€15,37
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correlative analysis of self esteem towards the ac
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CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE AC
CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE AC
CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE AC
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CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE ACADEMIC
ENGAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS, Schemes and Mind
Maps of Research Methods in Psychology
-.30 - ANSA recent study with 3,000 participants reported a fairly powerful negative
correlation between the number of class absences by college students and their GPAs.
According to recent guidelines for interpreting the magnitude of effect sizes, what r
value was most likely to have been reported in this study?
0.44, positive, greater, IQ - ANSThe beta of _______ suggests that the relationship
between the number of absences and grades is _______ in that a(n) _______ number
of absences is associated with higher grades when the study controls for _______.
A third-variable problem - ANSWan notices that more graffiti appears when there are
more ice cream trucks in town. She does a study that measures the frequency of new
graffiti being reported and ice cream truck sales for each week over a year. She finds a
positive association between ice cream truck sales and new graffiti, and she concludes
that the ice cream trucks are encouraging graffiti. Her friend, Zizi, points out that both
ice cream sales and graffiti might be influenced by rising temperatures during the
summer.
What kind of problem has Zizi identified?
Applicable: negative
unusually large
categorical
statistically significant
Not applicable: positive
moderate
not statistically significant - ANSLeonor recently collected survey data and was curious
about the association claim between gender and symptoms of mental illness. She found
the following correlation between the two variables: r = −.47, 95% CI [−.59, −.35].
Identify the terms as either applicable or not applicable to this correlation.
Applicable: positive
not statistically significant
weak
Not applicable: negative
statistically significant
categorical
moderate - ANSRecently, researchers wanted to test the relationship between hours of
exposure to violent video games and the number of real-life criminal behaviors. They
found the following correlation between the two variables: r = .11, 95% CI [−.04, .26].
Identify the terms as either applicable or not applicable to this correlation.
Autocorrelation
Cross-lag correlation
Cross-sectional correlation - ANSIva is studying whether eating meals in the cafeteria is
linked to weight gain during the first year of college. She asks all the incoming first-year
students about their weights and the number of cafeteria meals they eat each week in
,CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE ACADEMIC
ENGAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS, Schemes and Mind
Maps of Research Methods in Psychology
the fall, and then she collects the weights and number of cafeteria meals per week from
them again at the end of the spring term.
Identify the type of correlation that Iva should examine for each goal.
Iva wants to find out whether weight in the fall is correlated with weight in the spring.
Iva wants to find out whether weight in the fall is correlated with the number of cafeteria
uses in the spring.
Iva wants to find out whether the number of cafeteria uses in the spring is correlated
with weight in the spring.
Correct: Self-esteem is a significant predictor of mental distress.
Body dissatisfaction is a significant predictor of mental distress.
Incorrect: The measurement of self-esteem comes before the measurement of body
dissatisfaction.
Body dissatisfaction and mental distress are correlated with each other only because
each one is correlated separately with self-esteem. - ANSJoão is investigating the
relationship between body dissatisfaction as a predictor variable and mental distress as
the criterion variable. He suspects that self-esteem may mediate the relationship
between these two variables.
Which of the following statements would need to be true in order to establish that self-
esteem is a mediator in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and mental
distress?
Correct: The amount of time spent with friends presents a third-variable problem.
The beta for social media use will have a 95% CI containing zero.
Incorrect: The amount of time spent with friends is not associated with social media use.
The amount of time spent with friends predicts social media use after DeAndre controls
for the other variables. - ANSDeAndre is studying whether social media use predicts
feelings of loneliness, and he finds that there is a positive relationship between the two
variables. However, he finds after controlling for the amount of time spent with friends
that social media use is no longer associated with feelings of loneliness.
Identify the correct and incorrect interpretations of DeAndre's finding.
Could outliers be affecting the relationship? - ANSFor her psychology class, Ezra is
making a scatterplot of the digit spans (how many numbers you can remember and
repeat back), with participants' memory for digits they read on the x-axis and
participants' memory for digits they hear on the y-axis. The association is strong, but
Ezra notices that one participant has a visual digit memory that is twice as long as
anyone else's.
What question about statistical validity is Ezra raising?
Covariance - ANSWhich of the three causal criteria is usually established in a bivariate
correlational study with a statistically significant association?
Cross-sectional correlation
Autocorrelation
, CORRELATIVE ANALYSIS OF SELF ESTEEM TOWARDS THE ACADEMIC
ENGAGEMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS, Schemes and Mind
Maps of Research Methods in Psychology
Cross-lag correlation - ANSProfessor Horvat designs a study to assess the work
satisfaction and home-life satisfaction of a group of graduate students. She administers
the same measures of work and home-life satisfaction on two occasions, 1 year apart.
Label each correlation that Professor Horvat discovers with the type of correlation it
represents.
-At the first time point there is a strong correlation between work satisfaction and home-
life satisfaction.
-Job satisfaction at the first time point is correlated with job satisfaction at the second
time point.
-Home-life satisfaction at the first time point is strongly correlated with job satisfaction at
the second time point.
Cross-sectional correlation, autocorrelation, cross-lag correlation, longitudinal - ANSIn
a(n) _______, two variables measured at the same time are associated. If an earlier
measure of a variable is associated with a later measure of the same variable, a(n)
_______ occurs. In a(n) _______, an earlier measure of one variable is associated with
a later measure of a different variable. These three types of correlations are usually
found in _______ designs.
Curvilinear - ANSThe Yerkes-Dodson law (1908) shows that performance increases
with arousal up to a point, but beyond that, performance decreases as arousal
increases. Which type of association is this?
Curvilinear association - ANSJosé is investigating the relationship between exam
anxiety and exam grades. He collects students' ratings of their own anxiety before an
exam, and then he collects their exam scores afterward. When he calculates the
correlation, he finds no relationship.
José plots his data on this scatterplot and sees that both students who had no anxiety
and students who had lots of anxiety performed poorly on exams—but students who
reported moderate anxiety did very well.
What issue is most likely affecting José's results?
Effect size, r value, 95% CI - ANSThe term _______ describes the strength of an
association between variables, and in correlations it is typically captured by a(n)
_______. The precision of the correlation estimate is captured by a(n) _______.
Established: construct validity
statistical validity
external validity
Not established: internal validity - ANSFabiola wants to examine whether exercise leads
to greater satisfaction in life among senior citizens in Alabama. She randomly selects
five retirement homes in Alabama and recruits all of the seniors living in the five homes.
In May, she measures participants' hours of exercise per week and gives them a
validated scale assessing satisfaction in life. The next year, she measures their hours of
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