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lOMoAR cPSD| 24668432CMY1501 EXAM
PACK 2024
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Preparation Memo
INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINOLOGY: CRIME, OFFENDERS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR
recently South Africa has been moving away from prison sentences towards
alternative forms of punishment, such as
Answer : treatment of offenders in the community
Concerning emotions, which one of the following statements IS Incorrect
Emotions Indicate the desire that a specific result Will follow from a specific action
Emotions are short-lived, subjective-physiological and functional-expressive phenomena that
orchestrate how we react to events In our lives
Emotions are subjective feelings that make us feel In a particular way such as angry, Joyful or sad
Emotions have four components, namely, feelings, bodily arousal, a sense of purpose and societal
expression
Which one of the following concepts was Important In fighting the wrongs of crime In precolonial
Africa?
Answer : Reconciliation and compensation
According to the power-control theory, gender and social class differences In delinquency are
Inked to
Answer : the structure of the family
In Juridical terms, only those acts that are punishable by the state are reckoned as crime
Social milieu School of thought emphasizes IS on external factors as causes of crime, and criminals
are seen as victims of social conditions of which they have little control
Process theories explain how people become offender
In relation to the positivist school of thought, Identify the correct statement
Criminal behaviour ts determined by biological, psychological and socio economical factors
The purpose of sanctions IS not so much to punish, but to provide for treatment and reform
It IS not bound to a particular school of thought
Crime could be prevented by empowering the people
Intention consists of two elements, namely : Cognitive and volitional Kool
To which criminological school of thought does the following quotation relate? "Economic and
political discrimination are seen as the causes of crime" Critical criminology
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According to Sheldon's somatotypes, delinquent boys are mainly : mesomorphs
Data mining IS a relatively new criminological technique In terms of which multiple advanced
computational methods are used to analyse large datasets Involving one or more data sources
Farrington Identified factors that predict the Discontinuity of criminal offences
Personality may be defined as a : unique, relatively stable and consistent behaviour pattern,
Inclusive of emotions and thoughts, that distinguishes one person from another
With which criminological school of thought do you associate the name "Turk"? Answer
: Conflict school of thought
Tarde, Guerry and Quetelet were proponents of the social milieu school of thought Two
approaches may be distinguished In this, namely the social structure and the social process
approaches
One of the basic premises of the classic theory IS that crime IS a voluntary
act committed by persons exercising a deliberate choice
Being psychologically present literally Implies that children Will
consciously or unconsciously evaluate their own behaviour against their parents' opinion of that
particular act
Positivist criminology has dominated crime policy and prevention for decades but IS now under
criticism for Its Inability to reduce the level of crime Which one of the following options represents
objections to positivist criminology?
Answer : Failure to explain crimes committed by people With power
Siegel & Welsh (2009) Identified three parts of antisocial behaviour that, during the
developmental process of a child, may lead to a delinquent career, namely Conflict
pathway, covert pathway and overt pathway
Pre colonial Africa concerned Itself manly With : crime victim
Which one of the following social factors not a contributory factor to the high crime rate among
the youth? High level of aggression
Criminogenic risk factors are associated With criminal activities, such as …All of the above Crime
Delinquency
Offenders
The term "dark figure", refers to
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The number of crimes that are committed but not recorded by the police
Self —report Items aim to measure attitudes, values, personal
characteristics and behaviors
Rational choice theory has Its roots In the classical
school of criminology
Marginalization refer/s to the dynamic, multidimensional process of bang fully or partially
excluded from the various social, economic, political or cultural systems which serve to assist the
Integration of a person In society
Which one of the following IS not a contributory factor to crime In South Africa Rapid
structures
The theorists view the forces operating In run-down lower-class areas as the key determinants of
criminal behaviour patterns social structure rational choice Social process traits
IS associated With children's lack of Internal Inhibitions against offending
Lack of empathy
Deviant socialisation
Harsh parental discipline
Personality
According to research on social support, jn order to prevent criminal behaviour parents should
act as probation or parole agencies Willing to guarantee their member's good conduct restrict
children's activities and maintain physical surveillance by knowing their whereabouts reduce
crime by protecting their home and Its occupants against physical, emotional and material harm
All of the above
As far as the functioning of the family IS concerned, criminal risk factors may be
associated the structure, functioning and relationships of the family Interfamilial abuse,
criminality and offending the structure, size and composition of the family
Interpersonal relationships and socialisation within the family
Criminology IS an applied discipline within the human sciences Its field of study IS
Victims, punishment and the prevention and control of unknown offenders
Knowledge of a particular discipline, on crime and victims which IS systematically controlled
Crime, criminals, victims, punishment and the prevention and control of crime Punishment
and the prevention and control of all law enforcements agencies
Criminal justice In South Africa IS greatly Influenced by law
Italian and French
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