SOCIOLOGY CLEP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, VERIFIED/| latest update 2024/25|

SOCIOLOGY CLEP EXAM REVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, VERIFIED/ Absolute poverty - -A standard of poverty based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist. Achieved status - -A social position attained by a person largely through his or her own efforts. Activity theory - -An interactionist theory of aging that argues that elderly people who remain active will be best-adjusted. Adoption - -In a legal sense, a process that allows for the transfer of the legal rights, responsibilities, and privileges of parenthood to a new legal parent or parents. Affirmative action - -Positive efforts to recruit minority group members or women for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities. Ageism - -A term coined by Robert N. Butler to refer to prejudice and discrimination against the elderly. Agrarian society - -The most technologically advanced form of preindustrial society. Members are primarily engaged in the production of food but increase their crop yield through such innovations as the plow. Alienation - -The condition of being estranged or disassociated from the surrounding society. Amalgamation - -The process by which a majority group and a minority group combine through intermarriage to form a new group. Anomie - -Durkheim's term for the loss of direction felt in a society when social control of individual behavior has become ineffective. Anomie theory of deviance - -A theory developed by Robert Merton that explains deviance as an adaptation either of socially prescribed goals or of the norms governing their attainment, or both. Anti-Semitism - -Anti-Jewish prejudice. Anticipatory socialization - -Processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. Apartheid - -The former policy of the South African government designed to maintain the separation of Blacks and other non-Whites from the dominant Whites. Argot - -Specialized language used by members of a group or subculture. Ascribed status - -A social position "assigned" to a person by society without regard for the person's unique talents or characteristics. Assimilation - -The process by which a person forsakes his or her own cultural tradition to become part of a different culture. Authority - -Power that has been institutionalized and is recognized by the people over whom it is exercised. Bilateral descent - -A kinship system in which both sides of a person's family are regarded as equally important. Bilingualism - -The use of two or more languages in particular settings, such as workplaces or educational facilities, treating each language as equally legitimate